雅思7分寫作技巧 （附有Task 2 範文）

雅思 (IELTS) 7分對於很多人來說也是一個關口，大部分亞洲人學了英文多年，在口語和寫作部分也不能夠衝破6.5分。那時我準備報讀外國大學的碩士課程，其中英語要求每個細分也要達到7分。當時花了些功夫準備，最後超額完成了，在寫作部分拿到7.5分，當中有一些小技巧可以和大家分享。

首先，我們看看IELTS考生的平均分吧！下文是IELTS 官方在2018年發佈的考生成績數據，我抽了一些有趣的資料出來。完整的資料可以參閱：https://www.ielts.org/research/test-taker-performance

在非母語人士中，以德國為母語的考生英文水平較佳，平均達到7.5分。可是，德國考生IELTS寫作的平均分也只是6.6。而在口語、聆聽和閱讀方面卻大大拋離其他國家的考生。這大概因為英文和德文的文法和生字都很相似，德國的考生在學英文方面有先天優勢。

亞洲地區中，來自菲律賓和印度的考生表現較佳，比說中文和日文的學生高分，原因跟這兩個地區的英語教育的流通度有關。但是，所有考生也有一個共通點，便是寫作方面得分最低。

IELTS英文寫作不只強調英文能力，更考驗考生的邏輯、說理能力，所以就算是以英文為母語的考生，也不一定能拿到7分或以上。好吧，我們現在看看IELTS官方的評分準則吧。

根據以上的評分準則和個人經驗，我歸納了以下幾點：

句子通順、文法嚴謹
IELTS 7 分的寫作要求較高，行文必須通順，結構完整，言之有物。很多考生都會擔心文法的問題，IELTS 7分寫作是不是完全不能犯文法錯誤呢？其實不是！但一定不能多和明顯。所以，要拿到IELTS 7分，文法根基要打穩，避免犯時態（tense)、單數（singular)、眾數（plural)、冠語（article)等常見錯誤。如果你對文法方面不自信，可以多做文法練習，弄清概念，然後找一個專業的IELTS老師替你批改文章，從錯誤中學習是最佳的學習方法。

詞彙豐富
一直以來，我的英文寫作原則也是用最簡單的英文表達複雜難明的概念，讓讀者看你的文章時不會很費力。可是，IELTS考試跟一般寫作不同，你要拿到IELTS 7分，便一定要跟足它的遊戲規矩。在評分準則裡，其中一個要點是“use less common lexical items with some awareness of style and collection”。所以，如果你要達到IELTS 寫作7分，必須要向考官展現一下你的詞彙。那時我的做法是，記住了一些比較難和不常見的生字，然後確保我的文章包括了5–8個這些生字，這樣才能在字彙方面拿足分。可是，你一定要清楚生字的用法和拼字，如果用錯了便會影響整篇文章的流暢度，最後只會得不償失。

複雜的句子結構
IELTS 7分寫作其中一個被人忽略的高分位是句子結構。一篇文章由不同的句子組成，最基本的句子結構是simple sentences，即是一句完整的句子。以下是一些例子：

1. - The baby cried for food.
2. - Megan and Ron ate too much and felt sick.
3. - Kristina drank her morning coffee.
4. 這些句子的結構簡單，一句到尾。可是IELTS 7分寫作的評分準則是“use a variety of complex sentences”。所以，要拿高分，一定要包含多樣的句子變化和善用連接詞。應付IELTS寫作，你最好準備一些百搭的詞組，讓你的文章句型增加變化。以下是一些例子：
5. - While some argue that…., others maintain that …. (這用於表達兩種不同意見時）
6. - If……, ……. (條件句非常適用於Task 2論文，但不同情況下條件句有不同變化，你必須清楚條件句的用法）
7. - Not only…, but also…. (用對倒裝句，能讓你的文章增添變化)。

以上是IELTS 7分寫作的速成班，可是學英文不能一步登天，如果你本身英文底子不好，建議還原基本步，從文法和生字學起。否則，你即使死背了所有生字和句子結構，也有機會用錯，最後得不償失。可是，如果本身你英文底子不錯，用上以上的技巧，便確保你的文章能符合7分的評分標準。

最後送上我當時練習的Task 2寫作，文章經專業的英國IELTS老師根據IELTS 7分的評分準則批改。

題目：Children learn best by observing behaviour of adults and copying it. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

While many believe children learn best by following the behaviour of adults, others maintain that following instructions of teachers and senior people can achieve better results. In this essay, I will outline some examples to illustrate that learning can be effective by observing the behaviour of others, however, in order to maximise the benefits of learning, a wide range of methods should be employed.

First of all, parents and teachers are important role models for kids. When we are young, we do not have enough analytical ability to tell right from wrong, hence adults around us play an important role in guiding and influencing our behaviour. It is human nature to copy others’ acts. A lot of studies have also indicated that children’s personalities and behavioural patterns are colossally affected by their parents’ way of behaving. Therefore, from a biological perspective, children learn naturally by copying others.

Besides this, it is difficult to teach children to do one thing without demonstrating it. Speaking from experience, I still vividly remember when I first learnt ballet at school when I was young. I learnt the choreography by observing my instructor and other senior dancers in the class. If they had just simply taught me by telling me the instructions without demonstrating it, I would not have been able to learn how to dance. Hence, observing and copying others are an effective means to master a skill.

However, it is difficult to achieve great results if children learn simply through observing and copying. Artistic skills like singing, painting and writing are good examples. These skills require natural-born talents and creativity. At the same time, every kid is unique and their learning needs should be addressed individually. In my opinion, there are some limitations if we just ask our children to observe us and follow our behaviour.

In a nutshell, learning is a very complex activity and it cannot be solely achieved by observing and copying others’ work. To ensure that our kids can learn effectively, various methods should be utilized and fit individual’s needs.