<媽媽和嬰兒的戰爭 -什麼是 溝通？> Not Born Yesterday (2)

Hello, hello~ Hello everyone, I am the host Xiao P

This week, we’re going to start with Hugo. Why is Messier’s Not Bourn Yesterday so ridiculous and people still believe it?

Again, let’s talk about the conclusion first.

Hugo believed that humans are not gullible.

Note, this is not to say that people will not be deceived, I am just saying that humans are not easily deceived.

People want to believe because they think it is beneficial to them.

What's the meaning? Little P, were you speaking Chinese just now?

Let me tell you slowly.

First of all, I have to say that I am not sure whether it is a problem with Hugo's writing style or a translation problem. This book is really not as easy to read as "The Stranger".

His things are very complicated, and the way of dividing chapters is also very messy. It may not be a problem if you look at it smoothly, but it is a bit difficult to summarize things from it.

This is not an easy book to read.

However, he is still worth reading and re-reading, and once you understand Hugo's ideas, I believe your understanding will improve.

Besides, if you even listen to me about your behavior, there shouldn’t be any problems with this book~

Okay, let's start the discussion.

Believe me, you should be tired of listening to this episode, but, this episode is very important, Hugo's proof, mainly comes from a theory, that is, open alertness, and to say this

First of all, we have to talk about communication.

We start with a counterintuitive fact.

When a woman is pregnant, we think that mother and child are a community of destiny.

However, the latest research has found that during pregnancy, there is actually a small arms race between the baby in the womb and the mother.

This race happens because of sugar.

During pregnancy, the mother's insulin will be secreted more.

In junior high school biology, we learned that insulin turns sugar into fat, and mother wants to keep some nutrients.

However, more and more insulin is secreted, and it can even be said to be greatly increased, but the longer the high blood sugar level is maintained, can it be said that things must go against each other? Will too much insulin have the opposite effect?

No, the reason is the baby.

Scientists have found that the more insulin the mother secretes, the more HPL the baby secretes, the full name is Human Placental Lactating Hormone.

You don't need to remember what it is, you just need to know that this thing will prevent the mother from storing nutrients, and the baby will get more nutrients.

Evolutionary biologist, David. Hagrid came up with a theory to explain this situation.

Although we may think that mother and child are in a symbiotic relationship, there is actually a conflict here.

First of all, this does not mean that the mother thinks so, it is just a biological instinct.

I believe your mother loves you~

Just biologically

For the baby, the mother's nourishment is everything, and the baby will try his best to get all the nourishment, because he must keep himself alive.

But from a genetic point of view, mothers should not put everything on one baby. Mothers have to take care of themselves so that resources can be reserved for other children, and of course future children.

That is to say,

The mother wants to retain nutrients, but the baby is constantly asking for more.

So with this arms race, the mother secretes more and more insulin and the baby secretes more and more HPL.

An arms race is not a good thing;

Both sides are wasting resources secreting superfluous stuff without much change as a result.

The baby doesn't get all the nutrients, and the mother doesn't retain more.

But both sides waste more resources in secreting HPL and insulin.

Just imagine, if these two systems can communicate, wouldn't the nutrients used to secrete insulin and HPL not be wasted?

This is what communication is for.

If the two of us had no conflict of interest at all, then we would have no communication barriers.

Just like a swarm of bees, worker bees are sterile, so a worker bee can absolutely trust another worker bee, because cheating from all perspectives will not do any good. They hardly need to communicate, and they can completely trust each other.

However, if we have a conflict of interest, there will be issues like the baby and the mother, and at this time, communication is required.

For example,

There is definitely a conflict of interest between predators and prey, right~

Between a gazelle and a cheetah, either run away or be eaten, they are an absolute conflict of interest.

However, there is a gazelle called Thomson's gazelle that does a very strange thing. When it sees a predator, it turns its butt towards them and jumps up and down in place instead of running away.

Why?

Could it be that he is in the middle of the road, showing his specialization there?

Is he provoking the other person?

No, he was sending a message.

"I can jump so high! My physical strength is very good, you can't catch me!"

The gazelle has a white spot on its rear, so predators can clearly pick up the message.

And why should predators take this message?

It's simple, because he doesn't want to waste resources.

Now that you know you won't be able to catch up, don't chase at the beginning, and neither side will waste energy.

So, why do gazelles have to jump?

Why didn't evolution allow him to use some kind of voice to convey it?

For example, shouting "You can't catch me!"

Because the message must be honest.

If the gazelle can persuade the cheetah not to chase him with such a sentence, no matter whether he runs fast or slow, he will shout, "You can't catch me!"

Anyway, it doesn't take much effort to shout this sentence. The cost of information is very low, so lying is very reasonable.

Here, let’s summarize a little bit. I'm afraid everyone will get confused.

If we don't have a full conflict of interest, then we don't need to communicate and we can trust each other 100%.

However, this is almost impossible, even between the baby and the mother, there is a conflict of interest,

So communication is important, and good communication is good for both parties.

Furthermore, communication is essentially a process of sending and receiving messages.

In order to make communication useful, that is, to make the message reliable, we have to increase the cost of sending the message.

The price for the gazelle is to waste time escaping and jump high to prove that I really have physical strength.

In terms of human beings, buying luxury goods is a message for the rich to prove their wealth.

High cost, brings honesty to the message.

I can even afford a yacht, of course I am rich!

something like this

OK

This is the concept of communication in general.

But there is an even more powerful form of communication that allows us to send costly messages for free.

Free high cost?

Hey, what kind of fragmented remarks is this?

Let's talk about a bird called the great bowerbird.

This kind of bird is very special. They will build a very beautiful birdhouse, decorated with petals, fruits, and some beautiful stones.

The better the decoration, the more the mother bird likes it.

But why does the mother bird like it?

They only have a house and no car.

Moreover, this room has no practical use, it is just purely beautiful.

Are all bowerbirds artists? Do female birds like male birds with nice-looking houses?

The original explanation of scientists is the same as the high-cost information I mentioned above.

Male birds have to spend energy and time to do these useless and expensive things, just to prove that they are capable enough to do so. Like buying an expensive sports car, it's a signal that I'm capable!

However, new research points out that building this nest costs almost nothing and is effortless. Although it takes a little physical effort, it is not a high cost at all. Then why is such information reliable?

Because there is a coordination mechanism between male birds and male birds.

An ornithologist accidentally discovered this mechanism. He put more blueberries on a bird's nest to make the nest look more colorful, trying to deceive the female bowerbird, because the female bowerbird prefers males who decorate beautiful nests. bird.

As a result, it was completely useless.

Because, after other male birds saw it, they rushed over and destroyed the nest.

The other males knew that this bird didn't have that status, he didn't deserve such a beautiful nest!

Great bowerbirds police each other, demanding that every message be honest.

In this way, each bird can send an honest and reliable message without paying high costs.

They don't have to engage in a meaningless arms race.

As long as you can punish those who send wrong information, you don't have to spend a lot of money to prove that the information is reliable.

We humans, on the other hand, have almost free means of communication.

The main way of communication for humans is speaking.

Talking can be said to be extremely low-cost communication, but is he unreliable?

No, the point isn't how expensive it is to send a message, it's whether we can make those who send the wrong message very expensive,

Just like the classic story, like the boy herding sheep, sending the wrong message will bring no one to trust you anymore. This is a high price, and this is the reason why human communication can be effective.

Phew, OK

Why am I talking about this?

What does this have to do with humans being deceived?

Lying actually sends the wrong message.

Human communication has existed since the beginning of human beings.

And our cousins, the Neanderthals, had speech and hearing organs very similar to ours.

This shows that oral communication has a long history.

Given enough time, we'll be able to think about it with evolutionary thinking.

Humans cannot stop lying, because human beings are not bees, and we cannot be free from conflicts of interest.

But if the benefits of lying are so great, then everyone should lie on a large scale.

Then the final result of the evolution should be that the party receiving the message no longer trusts the sender, and the sender has to pay a high cost if he wants the other party to believe it.

But that’s not how humans evolved, right?

We are great at sending free high cost messages.

That is to say, humans, like the great bowerbird, have a coordination mechanism, and this mechanism.

It’s open alertness.

But let me put it aside and let’s talk about it in the next episode.

By the way, I want to say sorry to everyone.

For a while, Xiao P, I am quite busy, because I am about to graduate, and I want to change the track.

I want to go in the direction of a business analyst, and this can almost be said to be a 180-degree turn. I prefer to learn by myself, so I have a lot of things to fill in, and I am a little worried about whether I can do it or do it right. wrong.

So... I think I'm a little anxious.

Although, I feel, I don’t have any anxiety in my heart, and I dare not say that I am doing something, right haha

In short, there are some posts, copywriting, and lottery articles, etc. I feel that I have not replied, or the operation is very good. On the one hand, I am not very good at posting, and I admire those editors. them.

On the one hand, I didn’t put too much emphasis on it.

As a result, every time I draw a lottery, the deadline is too slow, and the draw is too slow, I am really sorry.

In short, no matter how busy I am, I will not stop updating.

Because for me, the show, is what keeps me going on a weekly basis to do other things.

It seems that for me, not updating is an uncomfortable thing, haha

Okay, just pull like this first,

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See you in the next episode, goodbye~

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