Grain History Plus 000237 "Historical Records" Volume 8 "Gaozu Benji" 23: When the gentleman makes his move and the villain moves his mouth

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The stalemate between Chu and Han was unresolved for a long time. Xiang Yu, the King of Han, chatted with Linguang Wuzhi at leisure. Xiang Yu wanted to challenge the king of Han alone. The king of Han counted Xiang Yu and said: "Xiang Yu and Xiang Yu were both ordered to embrace the king, and they said that the one who entered the Dingguan first was the king, Xiang Yu had the contract, and the king was in Shuhan, which was the first crime. Qin Xiang Yu killed the champion of Qingzi and prided himself on the second crime. Xiang Yu has been rescued. Zhao, should report back, but robbing the soldiers of the feudal lords to enter the gate without authorization, crime three. King Huai made an appointment to enter Qin without violent looting, Xiang Yu set fire to the Qin palace, excavated the tomb of the first emperor, and collected his property privately, crime four. , crime five. Defrauding Qin's children Xin'an 200,000, Wang Qi's generals, crime six. Xiang Yu is a good place for all kings and generals, but he relocated the old master, and ordered his ministers to fight for rebellion. First, to seize the land of the King of Han, and the king of Liang and Chu, and more self-giving, eight sins. Xiang Yu made people slaughter the righteous emperor Jiangnan, nine sins. The husband killed his master as a human subject, and the killing has already fallen. No tolerance, great rebellion and no way, and ten crimes. I will use righteous soldiers to kill the robbers from the lords, and send the remaining criminals to kill Xiang Yu, so why bother to challenge the Duke!" Xiang Yu was furious, and shot the Han king with his ambush crossbow. When the King of Han injured the Hungarian, he rubbed his feet and said, "My finger is in the captivity!" The King of Han travelled out of the army and was very ill, so he galloped into Chenggao.

After recovering from his illness, he entered the customs in the west, and went to Liyang, where he asked the elders and bought wine. After staying for four days, it will be like an army, and the army will be broad and military. Guanzhong soldiers benefited.

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The two armies of Chu and Han were at a standstill for many years and the outcome was undecided. The young and middle-aged were tired of long-term marching and combat ( Ding Zhuangku Army ), and the old and the weak were tired from transporting food and salaries ( the old and the weak turned naan ).

At this time, the King of Han and Xiang Yu had a dialogue across the "Guangwu Stream" located in Guangwu Mountain ( Xiang Yu, the King of Han, had a conversation with Wuzhi Lin Guangwu ). At one point, Xiang Yu even planned to fight the King of Han alone for a sex match ( Xiang Yu wanted to challenge the King of Han alone ), and the King of Han listed Xiang Yu's crimes one by one, saying:

"At the time, I and you, Xiang Yu, were ordered by King Huai, and we agreed that the first person to enter Guanzhong would be the king in Guanzhong, but Xiang Yu, you broke the agreement and let me be the king in Hanzhong, Sichuan. This is your first crime. .

Xiang Yu, under the pretense of King Huai, killed Song Yi, the "Champion of Qingzi", and appointed yourself as a general. This is your second crime.

Xiang Yu, you were ordered to rescue Zhao State, and you should have repaid King Huai, but Xiang Yu, you took the troops of the princes and entered the customs without authorization. This is your third crime.

King Huai agreed not to burn, kill, loot and loot after entering the customs, but you burned the Qin Dynasty palace, excavated the tomb of the first emperor, and collected the property of Qin without permission. This is your fourth crime.

You literally killed Ziying, the "King of Qin" who had surrendered. This is your fifth crime.

You used fraudulent means to kill 200,000 Qin soldiers in the "Xin'an area", but rewarded their surrendered generals. This is your sixth crime.

Xiang Yu, you have sealed the generals under the feudal lords in a good place, but moved and drove away the original feudal lords and kings, so that their subjects rebelled for the throne ( ordering the subjects to rebel ), this is your seventh crime.

Xiang Yu, you drove Emperor Yi out of Pengcheng, but built the capital there yourself, and also invaded the territory of the King of Han, and combined the lands of Liang and Chu as one ( and the king of Liang and Chu, and more yourself), this is your first step. Eight counts.

Xiang Yu, you sent someone to secretly kill Emperor Yi in Jiangnan, this is your ninth count.

As a minister, you murder the monarch, kill those who have surrendered, you are unfair in your administration, you do not keep the covenant ( killing has surrendered, your administration is injustice, you do not believe in the covenant of the Lord ), you are not allowed to be in the world, and you are disobedient. This is your tenth crime.

Now I lead the teachers of justice and the princes to punish you, a brutal sinner ( I will use righteous soldiers to kill the ruthless thieves from the princes ), and only let those criminals who have been punished can kill you Xiang Yu ( let the criminals of Xingyu kill Xiang Yu ), Why bother me to challenge you ( why bother to challenge the public )? "

Xiang Yu was very annoyed after hearing this, and there were bowmen who had been ambushed in advance and shot the King of Han at this time ( the ambush shot the King of Han ). The King of Han was shot in the chest, but he pressed his foot and said (the King of Han injured the Hungarian, so he touched his foot and said ):

"This robber just shot me in the toe (his my finger )!"

The King of Han was lying in bed for recuperation due to an arrow injury (the King of Han was lying in bed due to his illness ), Zhang Liang insisted that he get up and go out to inspect the consolation troops, in order to stabilize the morale of the army and prevent the Chu army from overpowering the Han army with the power of victory (do not order Chu Cheng than Chinese ). The King of Han went out to inspect the military camp, and his injuries were even more serious, so he had to return to Chenggao County immediately.

After a while, King Han recovered from his illness, and then he traveled westward to enter the customs and returned to " Yuyang County" in Guanzhong. Sima Xin, hung his head on a wooden pole to show the public ( Xiao Gu Sai Wang Xin headed Yueyang City ). After staying in Liyang County for four days, King Han returned to the front line and stationed his troops in "Guangwu County" in Taiyuan County. At this time, the troops from Guanzhong went out to assist Liu Bang in the war, and because of Liu Bang's concern a few days ago, more ( Guanzhong soldiers came out ).

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Mr. Liang Qichao once said: "The twenty-four histories are not history, but the family tree of twenty-four surnames! " But if you look closely at the history books, you can actually still see some parts about the voice of the people at the bottom. Judging from this historical material, Sima Qian may have learned through interviews that people at that time were tired of the continuous war between the two camps of Chu and Han after the fall of the Qin Empire. Therefore, it was one of the wishes of the people at that time to hope that this competition could be ended soon.

On the other hand, Xiang Yu, who still had the upper hand a few days ago, was at a disadvantage now because he was swayed by Liu Bang's camp, so he urgently needed a decisive battle to reverse the situation and even end the war. On the contrary, Liu Bang, who was getting better and better, did not rush to fight, but chose to continue the stalemate until Xiang Yu ran out of food.

In this way, a completely different situation emerges from the impression:

At the bottom are the people who are looking forward to ending the war as soon as possible. One is Xiang Yu, who has always slaughtered the city and regarded the people as grass, but now hopes to come to a decisive battle to end the war quickly. But at present, Liu Bang, who is in no hurry to end the war.

In addition, Xiang Yu, who always gave the image of a descendant of aristocrats, was eager to "do it" to end the war at this time; Liu Bang, who always gave the impression of being a commoner, chose to "talk" his opponent's crimes at this time. This "gentleman's hands, villain's mouth" situation is completely different from our impression. Perhaps this is the pleasure of reading every piece of historical material carefully!

Closer to home, in this historical material, the difference in political wisdom between Liu Bang and Xiang Yu is more clearly seen. Liu Bang, who came from a cold background, was able to list Xiang Yu's sins in an orderly manner, which should be the advice given to him by the group of advisers beside him. Regarding Xiang Yu's "ten sins", in a nutshell, it is "betrayal and forgetfulness". Xiang Yu not only violated the covenant, but also killed the nominal leader, King Huai of Chu (Emperor Yi), and even repeatedly killed soldiers who had surrendered. These are indeed mistakes made by Xiang Yu due to lack of political wisdom. From the point of view of "war legitimacy" emphasized in Sun Tzu's Art of War, that is, "Dao", Liu Bang had his legitimacy in sending troops to attack Xiang Yu, who was "without Tao".

Secondly, Xiang Yu chose to respond by means of assassination, but Liu Bang, who was clearly shot in the chest, lied that it was only his toe injury. This shows that Liu Bang is indeed much better than Xiang Yu in terms of political wisdom. Judging from the mistakes of those who do it first, Liu Bang is still better than Xiang Yu.

In addition, judging from Liu Bang's return to Guanzhong to recover from illness, this arrow injury should be quite serious. However, Liu Bang still accepted the advice of his cronies and went to work with his seriously injured body. He even took advantage of the opportunity to return to the Guanzhong area to recuperate. By the way, he would condolence to the elders and brothers in the Guanzhong area, so that more Guanzhong children would be willing to go to the front line to fight. See Liu Bang's wisdom.

Many people always think that the battle between Chu and Han is a battle for hegemony with a huge difference in strength, and even because the weak Liu Bang won in the end, many literati in later generations felt sorry for Xiang Yu, but after reading the history books carefully, you will find that Xiang Yu lost. Not wrong, Liu Bang does have the strength to win. This is the greatest joy of reading history books!

How should Liu Bang, who made a comeback after recovering from his illness, deal with Xiang Yu, who was exhausted and trapped? Let's keep reading.

The above is just a small harvest of these historical materials for me.