Notes on the History of Chinese Drama
Recently, I have been doing related research and wrote a lot of notes. It's a pity to feel that these things are only kept by myself, so I share them here, and everyone who is interested can take a look.
Earliest drama performance: (late 19th century-early 20th century)
- Holy drama performance in the church: "Image Art Teaching", the birthplace of student drama; the earliest: 1818 Malacca Yinghua College (English, later moved to Hong Kong); 1899 Shanghai St. John's College (US) [ https://zh. wikipedia.org/wiki/St. John's University_(Shanghai) ／ https://baike.baidu.com/item/St. John's University/71477?fromtitle=Shanghai St. John's University&fromid=1627822 ] "The Ugly History of Officialdom", with opera Methods The performances are divided into venues without division; 1900 Shanghai Yucai Academy three new current affairs dramas, Wang Youyou; Nanyang Public School many new dramas; 1905 Wang Youyou Wenyou Club, the first amateur new drama club in China; 1906 Enlightenment Drama Club , Six Improvements: Tutoring of Political and Military Zongshe; [Students' Association of Drama, School-Classroom-Market]; Taiwan: 1911 Kawakami Onjiro "Asahiza" Theatre Company, Taiwan's first contact with new dramas [? ] Local themes, Kabuki music, screen-style sets / "Borai troupe" of local people;
- Amateur performances by Western expatriates: The Prodigal Son Theatre Club, the Hero Theatre Club; merged into the ADC Theatre Company in 1866 and built the Lanxin Grand Theatre; / Shanghai Hongkou Concession, a small Japanese theatre "Tokyo Seat";
*Wang Xiaonong, formerly known as De Kejin, (1858-1918), was a modern Chinese Peking Opera actor, playwright, and one of the representatives of drama improvement. https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang Xiaonong )
＊Today Shanghai Shanghai drama https://m.moretickets.com/topic/shanghai-huju/4/
Shanghai Opera Center http://www.shchineseoperas.org/
*["On the Relationship between Novels and Group Governance" Liang Qichao 1902
If you want to renew the people of a country, you must first renew the novels of a country. Therefore, if you want a new morality, you must create a novel; if you want a new religion, you must create a novel; if you want a new politics, you must create a new novel; if you want a new custom, you must create a new novel; if you want a new art, you must create a new novel; if you want a new human heart, you must create a new personality. , will be a new novel. Why? Fiction has incredible power to dominate humanity.
Now let me ask a question: Human beings are ordinary, why is it that they love other books as much as they love novels? The answerer must say: because it is simple and easy to understand, because it is fun and interesting. Of course.
Although, it's not enough. Those whose prose is simple and easy to understand do not need novels; ordinary letters from women and children, and official-like prose, do not have difficult and difficult readers, but who cares about them? The only thing that is disturbing is that he is a high-caliber scholar who can read the grave scriptures and Suoqiu, and can pay attention to insects, fish, plants and trees. It's the first thing to say. There are many novels whose purpose is to please the heart and the mind, but such care is not very important to the world, and the most popular ones are bound to be shocking, sad and pathetic, and reading them will give birth to countless nightmares and wipe out countless. Tears too. The husband is addicted to it for the sake of pleasure, but why is it that he takes this inversely proportional thing and suffers himself? It is the second saying that there is something unfinished.
I meditate on it, and judge it poor, there are probably two reasons:
The nature of human beings is often not able to satisfy themselves by presenting the realm; and this stupid body, the realm that can be touched and received, is stubbornly narrow and limited; therefore, it is often desired to directly touch it to receive it. Outside, and indirectly touch and feel, the so-called body outside the body, the world outside the world. Such perceptions are not only possessed by beings with sharp roots, but also by beings with dull roots. And those who guide their roots, make them duller and more profitable, have no greater power than fiction. A novelist is someone who often guides people to travel in other realms and changes the air that he often touches and experiences. This one.
People's perseverance, in the imagination they embrace and the realm they read, often have people who don't know what to do, and who don't know what they are used to. Whether it is grief, joy, resentment, anger, love, fear, worry, or shame, often if you know it but don’t know why; if you want to describe the situation, but the heart can’t describe it, and the mouth can’t declare it. Pens cannot be autobiographical. Some people, and they made it clear, thoroughly and exposed it, they slapped the table and exclaimed: "It's good! It's good!" If so! The so-called "Master said, I have a lot of affection in my heart". Impressive, nothing more than that. This second.
These two are the true meaning of the article and the ability of the tongue. If Gou is able to criticize this rut and guide this orifice, then no matter what the text is, it will be enough to move people. And among the various writings, there is no novelist who can be extremely wonderful and skillful. Therefore, it is said: Fiction is the best of literature! From the former point of view, the idealist novel is still there; from the latter point of view, the realist novel is still there. Although there are many kinds of novels, none of them can fall outside the scope of these two factions.
There are four more forces in suppressing the domination of fiction:
The first is smoked, smoked is like entering the cloud and smoke and being baked by it, like being near the ink and vermilion and being dyed by it. The so-called "Langka Sutra" so-called "confused wisdom is knowledge, and knowledge is transformed into wisdom", all rely on this power . When a person reads a novel, unconsciously, his eyes and consciousness are fascinated by it, his mind is shaken, and his nerves are focused on it, one or two today, one or two tomorrow, in an instant The phases are interrupted, and over time, the realm of this novel will enter its spiritual platform and follow it, becoming the seed of a special original quality. Therefore, with this seed, there will be more people who will be touched and received in the future. Once you smoke it, the seed will become more and more abundant, and you will use it to smoke others, so the seed can be spread all over the world. The reason why all the worlds of objects and the world of sentient beings exist, and why they live, are all causal factors. And the novel is majestic and has this mighty virtue to manipulate all living beings.
The second is immersion. Inhalation speaks of space, so the size of its power reflects the breadth and narrowness of its boundaries; immersion is referred to as time, so the size of its strength reflects the length of its boundaries. Those who are immersed are those who enter and transform with it. When a person reads a novel, it is often after a few days or ten days after the book is finished that it cannot be relieved. Those who read "The Red Chamber" will definitely have residual love and residual sadness; those who read "Water Margin" will definitely have residual happiness and residual anger. what? The power of immersion also dictates. It is a masterpiece, and the more complicated the volume and the more facts, the more immersive it will be! Like wine: if you drink it for ten days, you will be drunk for a hundred days. When my Buddha started from under the Bodhi tree, he taught a huge volume of "Hua Yan", which is exactly what it is.
The third is thorn, thorn is also the meaning of stimulation. The power of smoked and soaked is used gradually; the power of thorn is used to be used. The power of smoking and soaking is to make the feeler unconscious; the power of thorn is to make the feeler suddenly aware. Those who stab are those who can enter into a moment of strangeness and cannot control themselves. I was originally amiable and friendly, but I read Lin Chongxuetian's Three Limits and Wu Songfeiyun Pu'e, why did I suddenly point out? I was originally happy, but I read that Qingwen left the Grand View Garden and Daiyu died in the Xiaoxiang Pavilion. Why did I suddenly burst into tears? I was originally awe-inspiring, but I read Shifu's heart of qin, rewarding slips, Mianxiang in Dongtang, and visiting emeralds. Why did I suddenly feel emotional? If so, they are all called stimulation. Generally speaking, the more sensitive people are, the faster and more dramatic their stimulation will be. Rather, it must be proportional to the amount of stimuli contained in the book. One of the Zen sects uses this stimulating force to save people. This power is used, and words are not as good as language. However, due to the power of language, it cannot be extensive or long, so it has to call on words. In words, classical Chinese is not as good as its common sayings, and Zhuang Lun is not as good as its fables, so the one with the greatest power is not the end of the novel!
The fourth is to lift, the power of the first three can be poured in from the outside; the power of lift can be released from the inside, and it is the highest vehicle of the Buddha Dharma. Anyone who reads novels must always be self-inflicted—into the book, and become the master of the book. Those who read "The Wild Old Man's Exposed Words" must imitate Wen Suchen; those who read "Story of the Stone" must imitate Jia Baoyu; those who read "Flowers and Moon Marks" must imitate Han Hesheng Ruowei Chizhu; those who read Liang Shanbo, It must be a black whirlwind of monks like flowers; although the reader argues that he is unreasonable, I do not believe it. Since I have transformed my body into the book, when I read this book, I no longer have this body, and I go to this realm to enter the other realm. The so-called Huayan pavilion is full of imperial nets and trillions in a single pore. Lotus, a flick of a finger can lead to hundreds of thousands of catastrophe, words move people, so far! However, if the protagonist in my book is Washington, the reader will become Washington; the protagonist is Napoleon, then the reader will become Napoleon; the protagonist is Sakyamuni and Confucius, then the reader will incarnate as Sakyamuni and Confucius, yes. The only way to save the world, is there anything like this?
These four powers can be Lu Mou I, Ting Du Qun Lun, the reason why the sect leader can establish a sect, and the politician can organize a political party, it is not bad. If a writer can acquire one of them, he is a literary hero; if he can have all four, he is a literary sage. If you have these four powers and use them for good, you can bless billions of trillions of people; if you have these four powers and use them for evil, you can poison for thousands of years. And these four forces are most easily sent to novels. Cute novel! Terrible novel!
Fiction is the body, it is easy to change people, and it is also easy to touch people. Therefore, the commonality of human beings is not as good as the love of novels. This is a natural function of psychology, not a human gain. And easy. This is also true of all people with blood and energy in all countries in the world, and they are not the people of Shenzhou in Chixian County. Since the husband is already addicted to it, and is already addicted to it, the novels are in a group, and since the air is like a millet, one can’t avoid it if one wants to avoid it, and one can’t hold it if one wants to. If the air here is filthy, and the millet is poisonous, then people who eat and breathe here will be emaciated, wilted, die tragically, and fall down. . If one does not purify the air here, and if one does not choose the Shushu, even though Shenling is used as bait every day, and swords and swords are used every day, the old, sick, dead, and suffering people in this group cannot be saved in the end. Knowing this meaning, we can understand the general root cause of corruption in mass governance in China. Where does the thought of my Chinese champion, the prime minister, come from? Fiction is also; where does my idea of a beautiful Chinese man come from? Fiction is also; where does the thought of my Chinese people as thieves come from? Novels are also; where does my Chinese idea of witches, witches, foxes and ghosts come from? Novels too. If so, how could there be someone who would teach them by mentioning their ears, and teach them by passing them on to various bowls? And from Tu Cuan, peddler, child, childish, and childish, to adults and gentlemen who are highly talented and educated, all these ideas must be the same. Mo or make it, if or make it. The power of hundreds of novels directly and indirectly poisons people, and so on. That is to say, there are people who are not good at reading novels, but these novels have gradually collapsed into society and become a fashion; they have not been born, and they have inherited this inheritance; Although he is wise and wise, he does not extricate himself, so it is called indirect. Today, the people of our country are confused about public opinion, confused about fate, confused about divination, confused about prayers, blocked railways due to feng shui, blocked mining, fought over tombs and fought with each other, murdered like grass, spent millions of dollars every year because of the God-fighting competition, and wasted. Things happen in time, and those who consume national strength are said to be only novels. Today, our country's citizens, Mu Kedi, are like scumbags. Sweeping the ground to do it all is said to be because of novels. Today, the people of our country despise their faith, their power is deceitful, their power is deceitful, their clouds and rains are overturned, they are harsh and cold, and they are so tame that everyone is scheming, and the whole country is full of thorns. It is because of fiction. Today, the people of our country are frivolous and inactive, addicted to sound and color, love the bed, lingering songs and weeping in the spring flowers and autumn moon, and wear away their youthful and lively spirit; young children, from fifteen to thirty years old, only with affection, feeling, Worry and sickness are a major cause, there are many children's love, and the wind and clouds are less, and even worse, it is an act that is unethical and corrupt, and poisons the society. It is only because of the novel.
Today, the people of our country are green forest heroes everywhere, there are Taoyuan worship every day, and Liangshan alliance is everywhere. The so-called "big bowl of wine, big piece of meat, weighing gold and silver on scales, on putting on clothes" and other ideas are filled with the following. In the minds of the society, it became the elder brother, the big sword and other associations, and the death to the likes of Yihe Quan rose, fell to the capital of Beijing, and summoned the outer army, which is called the reason of the novel.
Alas! The novel's trapped in the crowd, and even so! Even so! The great sage Hongzhe has taught tens of thousands of words but it is not enough, and Hua Shifang Jia Yi or two books have been corrupted and more than enough! The more this matter is disdained by elegant gentlemen, the more it has to be attributed exclusively to the hands of Hua Shifang Jia. And its nature, its location, is like air, like Shushuran, and it is something that cannot be avoided or screened in a society. Therefore, Hua Shifang Jia has grasped the sovereignty of a country and manipulated it. Alas! If this is the case and the past will end, then the future of our country can still be asked? Can you still ask? Therefore, if we want to improve the governance of groups today, we must start with the revolution in the novel world! If you want new people, you must start with a new novel! ]
1904 Shanghai "The 20th Century Big Stage" magazine, founded by Chen Qubing and Wang Xiaonong; the earliest literary journal focusing on drama in modern China; advocated the Peking Opera reform movement
*[Chen Qubing's "On the Benefit of Drama", which links drama with national salvation, thus fully affirming the social function of drama.
Original text: I traveled in the Eastern Kingdom, handed over to the clergy and concubines, and saw their customs and habits, all of which were inherent in the customs and habits of my emperor, Han, two hundred and sixty years ago. Going out and over the city, there are Wu clothing stores, row upon row, among the servants of Kangzhuang; the long skirts and the seams, the wide drapes, and none of them are the traditional clothes and robes that were inherent in our emperor and Han 260 years ago. If you step back to read his book, you will be called Tang Jin and Tang Ru, and they are mixed up and different. He invited the person to enter, and asked, "What is your comfort?" Then he replied, "An and auspicious." Ask "Which is better than the West"? Then he replied, "The West is not as good as it is." The people scolded me for the obedience, they were too ashamed and murmured and couldn’t be right, or even gathered to play with them and thought they were laughing. Lightweight. The old and sincere person knows the reason in his heart, and asks, "If I obey, how can it still exist today?" He replied, "Nothing!" He was amazed. If you say, "There are still people in the monks and Daoists today, there are still more people in the drama today, and now the scholars, husbands, and concubines get married, get married, die of old age, and die forever." When I heard it at that time, I would have a great consolation. When I see it, it is more shameful, more sentimental, torn off its crown, ruined by its clothes and neglected.
West still return? The people of my motherland are like their subservience, customs are like their embarrassment, and the government of the bandit is like their dwelling and tyranny. My uncle, my brother Kun, and my relatives are old and solid. Hu Guan wears Hu clothes, so as to keep his slaves safe. The restlessness is the only thing, but it is especially me, and it is my sin, that I am not a slave. I had no choice but to wear a Hu Guan and wear Hu clothes to see my uncle and brother, pick up my relatives and friends, and then my uncle, my Kundi, my relatives and friends, and Naishi were relieved and comforted. Alas! Life is of no benefit to the country, and you are only covered with yingli; death is not expected at the end of the day, and it is difficult to be crowned. In the field of gold powder in the southern capital, the wind has not faded, the singing and dancing are incessant, the decoration is new, the sandalwood is golden, and the pride is like yesterday. Guichi, Yangxian, Liangyuan, and Xuancheng's relationship came, horses, dragons and cars, roaming and galloping in the night of the spring river, flowers and moon, and all those who followed the footsteps of "Swallow Notes" and "Peach Blossom Fan", Solid still seems to be the story of Hongguang. "Everything is worse than having a cup in hand, and the moon is at the forefront of life." My compatriots in the new year, with bare hands, shoot a whale, shoot a tiger with empty fists, nothing will happen in the end, and the blood is only cold, then it is not as good as a battle against the fence, escaping and subordinate to Zhuliyuan Ju As a member of the Ministry, Deri joined the concubines of You Meng, Qin Ye, Han Mo, and Mianju. The first one was Wang Lang's tragic song, and the second one followed Liu Jingting's amazing commentary, which was enough to make his nationalism feel good. , ? If you spit out the block in your chest, this will be effective, but you must be overworked and anxious to write "Revolutionary Army", "The Book of Refusal", "The Soul of the Yellow Emperor", "Dream of Falling Flowers", "Free Blood" , almost a million times. He also imprisoned his head and mourned his face, this is generous and passionate; he also communicates indirectly, this is popularized in society; he expresses his purpose to his fellow clan, and he goes on stage to perform joys and sorrows; shouting loudly, weeping with tears, this is His situation, his anger, and the people of the United States, in the Independence Hall of the Philadelphia Mansion in Millikin, banged the bell of freedom, and proclaimed the letter of independence, why should the husband give in? Daoist stories to write about the worries of the present, the pain of the skin by borrowing from others, the wonderful tongue of the lotus, the feelings of touching Huang Yin, I know that Xuanxi has a spirit, and he will also descend on the clouds to prove the alliance. also. Ning This compatriot of the Han race, clapped and applauded, expressing sympathy!
Or say: My generation is in the new year, with great hopes, arrogant, and slandering me? And since you are good at it, Gu Ning doesn't hear the words of her husband Han Yu? The more and more the Six Dynasties' humanistic style is extravagant, and the more you look at it with a superior haiku, it is contemptuous. In today's China, the calamity of the barbarians is urgent, and there are hundreds of wastes to be lifted. To cultivate public morality, to protect the quintessence of the country, to study science, to expand knowledge, to follow the rules of conduct and to follow the steps, I almost hope to create the first complete personality, and one day it will break through. The ranks of the great military and nationals are emerging. Would you rather have priorities and not be in a hurry, or fall or fall? Insufficient corruption leads to hell? Sad husband heejay! The ambition of my Chinese New Year should not be lost to Ruosi.
Yu Nai responded with a smile and said: As the king said, long live my China, long live my Chinese people, long live my Chinese people's future. Although, I would like to ask whether the people in China today are worthy of the reputation of the people? Then there is none. I would like to ask my future career in China, is there a point where it can be achieved only by hope? Also not possible. If you are fighting the earth, there is no trace of beauty and vanilla; and the vast Central Plains has no hope of life. However, in my general society, I do not serve in the court, follow the fierceness of Yang Jian and Guo Wei, and do not hide the mountains and chasing Guizhou. The bells of Bu and Peng Yue, troubling and running in the field of commerce every day, arguing that the movement was useless at that time, cut off the hair and clothing, still the people outside the territory, drinking sang songs, and finally melting the flocs in the mud. Like a ghost, like a dream, like a babbler, the first mouse shooter, who is skilled in his skills, not enough for blessings and more than for failures, how much better than his personality? Then I would rather sacrifice myself, Changyan fell, and blatantly left to be a singer. "Traveling from Tugu in the morning, drinking with the soldiers at the end of the day," I would like to chat and entertain myself, rather than being brilliant in today's new academic world and suddenly forming a force for life, standing up against the wind and building a banner of independence and freedom?
Yi Zining's thin haiku is a good laugh? Then I and Zidao Gu. Zhongni said: "Moving customs and customs is not good at music." Meng Ke said, "The music of today is the same as the music of ancient times." Although his drama is slightly different, Gu Yiwei can be said to be not the same as ancient music. (Looking at Zuo Chuan and watching the things in Youyuli, Leji has the words of the excellent dwarf, then the one who came from is far away). Since the sound of Yasong declined, then the style of poetry became popular, the style of poetry became popular, and Zheng Wei’s music was popular, and the power of music was infiltrated and spread in the general society, and it changed from the past to the present. False and sing and dance, immersed in false and haiku and dwarf, and the beginning of drama is here. This is why knowing the propriety is like Marquis Wen of Wei, but you can't be happy with the ancients and thinking about lying down; if a good virtuous person is thirsty like King Zhuang of Chu, he must wait for You Meng and start moving in his heart. Then the joy of moving people is fast and swift! What's more, the sounds of "Cloud Gate", "Xianchi", "Shao Hou", and "Da Wu" can be used to enjoy suburban temples, so they are graceful and elegant, but they are no match for the laughter of a child. Gai Songyu has a saying, "The high and the low" are the principles of nature.
I have heard from the teachers: When Hong Yang was in the era, Liangxi had a strange man who was ruled by others. He knew the meaning of it alone. He tried dozens of new plays, all of which were in a vernacular tune, and they were performed by excellent actors. This is also true of the "Shu Jitang Jinle" passed down by Ji Jin. It is a pity that all the pedantic, contemplative, and conscientious manners he handed over were not pedantic. I tried to ask him to read it, and I felt that his performances were not very relevant today, but his purpose is to inspire and arouse. Zhizhi said: "After the decline of ancient music and the revival of the pear orchard's teaching and learning, it was originally to convey the wonder of loyalty and filial piety, and to arouse people's perceptions unconsciously, persuading good people and punishing bad ones. There is no difference, so the gentleman has something to choose from. The wise men and doctors preside over the wind and teach, and it is advisable to hold their power silently, and determine the time and decision, thinking that the help of the police, the deaf, and the deaf is not at first. He also said: "The world's calamity is imminent. Teachers and Confucians' transformation and guidance are not seen as merits, and the practice of covenants has been boring for a long time. However, this is a new drama, which is the most human-friendly and changes the customs, so what is there? How many! Once you sing the Hundred Harmonies and shout out loudly, it will be very good for governance.” Alas! As soon as I read his words, I can't help but admire the firmness of his discussions and the excellence of his knowledge, but it is a pity that he no longer sees him in this day.
And now, the external disaster is coming, and it is more urgent than Hong Yang's day. The academics of Europe and the United States have been superior since the beginning, and the lewd and prestige of the northern captives have been reckless and reckless. All the people of the yin-ying-crown and belts have a little common knowledge, and they don't know the wrongs of carrying foreign races, while my yellow compatriots are in a deep black prison, almost twenty, and in Qianli, more than 400 trillion. His views and ideals are that since our ancestors, I have known that I have pearl armor, since I was born, and my hair is braided. Although the Ming society has a house, I still have a king. Who is the Yellow Emperor, and what is the lineage? All this poison, deeply imprinted on the brain, is not extremely miserable, and cannot be changed. There are no talented thieves, no talented heroes in alleys, no talented people in alleys, and low-ranking votes. In one day, he did things, and he only did things by looting, and he rarely had great ambitions. Because of this, he was tired and tired, and he succeeded in dying. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is over, and the situation in Huizhou is rarely affected by it. However, there is a bright future, and the Wubako nation will never escape from the sea of suffering, and will it return to my pure land? However, the children of Ziliyuan still retain the majesty of Han officials, and the programs and deeds performed during the period are all the exact history of our nation thousands of years ago, and often related to foreign troubles from the barbarians and Dies, to describe their expeditions. Suffering, the violence of aggression, the tragic destruction of the husband's family and country, and the tragic displacement of the people. His words are slang, his feelings are sincere, his analogies are sarcastic, he is also comical, and he doesn't have any stagnation. He takes ordinary people, commoners, businessmen, and illiterate people to catch a glimpse of his situation and contact. His laughter, sorrow and joy, and joy and sorrow of separation and reunion, will be moved by his indifference, and his mind will move, leisurely and spontaneously, so as to express his feelings, sorrow and anger, without knowing it. For this reason, I don't read the history of the letter, but I don't know it in my heart; Combining the past and the present, it becomes clear the great defense of Yixia; the crown dress of the motherland touches the concept of race. It's quick! The god of assimilation power that enters easily and exits easily. (I heard that when the people of the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, there were many merchants and pawns in the north, and there were many people who threw themselves into the river and died. It was not because of the touching drama.) It is still dyed, and its color changes immediately, but it is not different!
To sum up: In an autocratic country, the Kuomintang often has two major plans, one is rioting, and the other is secret. Uniquely dramatic in nature, there are two major plans in it. Gou You, a hero, can only give up his body for social use, and does not hesitate to organize a famous class for goodness, or compile "Bi Shi of Mingji" and perform "The Destruction of the Han Nationality", or take recent events in Europe and America and perform "Renewal" "Living History", following the hobby of the world, Xu was a transfer, and Qiang played it with the spirit of martial arts, nationalism, and one by one, in order to show the purpose. If this is the case, I do not believe that people are not moved by people's sentiments and their morale is not motivated. When the gangster transported the spirit of the scorpion, and used the magic of its effect in the future, there are only those who did not aggravate the Han nationality in this area, and then gradually left the building, the matter of Tang Zhuangzong, why can't I see you again today! Ouch! Change the law and wear clothes, Wuling plans to destroy Zhongshan; kill the body and become benevolent, Confucius Xu is the lofty ideal. If I, Huang Yin, have blood, will I die and ridicule? And the fact is that the Guouxi School paid attention to it. His work is small, and his merits are many. This is what our country learned from overseas (see the section on the Chinese Academy in the Chronicle column)? Those who don't, don't play with chess, the whole situation will be overturned, and the slaves will suffer heavily. An Jian sees only those who are humiliated by Su-min today, and will they not be humiliated by any country that is Su-min? Those who are still left behind by today's husbands may also take their remains and make them extinct. Then the blood sacrificial beheading of Yan and Huang, the voice of Han and Tang Dynasties will be destroyed, isn't it sad?
After I drafted this article, I continued to publish it in the "Alarm Bell Newspapers", and it was quite effective in the past few months, so it was repeated and deleted, and various fronts were recorded. Remember yourself. ]
＊[Liu Yazi's words:
Fengchen Xiangdong, Tiandiqiu Ruins, Mang Shenzhou, captives riding like weaving. A man cannot carry a three-footed sword and avenge his revenge for the ninth generation. He builds the flag of righteousness to call on the inner city, drives the northern expedition, smashes Huanglong, and kills the chieftain in order to avenge the nation. Again, he cannot devote himself to freedom. 10. Five steps of bloodshed, the soul of the country will be proclaimed, and the compatriots will enjoy their happiness, but only weeping and weeping, bare-handed, holding the ambition of recovery of the barbarians, looking up at the sky, painting the ground in the evening, not succeeding, but dreaming and sleeping. In other words, the people who are on the road, and they are arrogant, shouting loudly to shock them, lingering loyalty and love to feel them, but the bright pearl is darkened, and is scolded by the sword. Tears withered three words, only ten thousand words can be said, the end of the day and the end of the world, the world is full of grief.
"You are traveling from Tugu in the morning, and the soldiers of Xila are drinking. This is incomprehensible, and it is like a big fish." The bureau is in the sky and the ground is depressed and bored. I have already heard it! I have a mountain of people, and I don’t ask about the world anymore? However, it is embarrassing! As always. If the public morality is not cultivated, the group has no hope, the strength is not full, and the empty words can make up? And the Southern Metropolis Club, alone in the world of darkness, shines a ray of light. Cuiyu Mingyu awakens the dream of Juntian; Qingge and dances bring back the soul of the motherland. The flags of the three colors of the Americas fluttered in the Liyuan Revolutionary Army! The foundation has been established, the institutions are well prepared, and the magazines are organized to seek popularization. The hope for the future may be here. A strand of love silk, the spring silkworm is not dead; ten years of sharpening the sword, the flesh is resurrected. I am waving a bald pen and paying tribute to me, as a congratulatory ceremony for the opening of "The Great Stage of the 20th Century".
To study the principles of the group, to speak of the nation, to write books while leaning on the beams of the house, and to spit at the song of a cat and a dog, to show the butcher and her husband, it is regarded as the sacred monument of Fengjun. It is Chen Pingsheng's wish to ascend to the big speech stage. His tongue is scorched and his lips are burnt, and those who listen to him are full of ears. This man with lofty ideals is sad and hated. Taking care of our people is not without beautiful thoughts and piercing nerves. Tens of thousands of ethnic groups were devastated, the country was destroyed by barbarians, and the golden powder of the Six Dynasties filled the country in spring. When the nest is overturned, the swallow is passed on; when the house is burnt and the boat sinks, the spring lantern is sung. There are people in the world who don't ask about one thing, don't read a book, and have a whip and hat shadow, galloping in the field of singing shirts and dancing sleeves day and night, thinking that they are the club of the motherland. Although things are tainted by the nation, the opportunity to take advantage of them is not here. See also Hudou Peng expanding the community! Spring and Autumn Newspaper competitions, acting in dramas to please the gods, this should not be the custom of kindness. However, the elders and the elders sit together and talk about the drama in the village. Some are virtuous, and some are not worthy. They are all treasures. The autumn wind is five feet long, sad for the falling star of the prime minister of Shu; the twelve gold medals are painful for the blood of the King of Yue. How can its influence not be affected by the actor society? There are people who hold the general policy of exercising the society and promoting the trend, so pay attention to it!
The cricket does not know the spring and autumn, and the dungeon does not know the dark and the new, its life is short and the thinking is shallow. In the three worlds of Lin Jing, there is the world seen, the world heard, and the world heard. Most living beings with dull roots are often stuck in predicaments, unaware that there is a future or a past. This two hundred and sixty-one year event, the national brain mirror does not have its old shadow! Forgetting the clothes of the country, and taking the pig tail as the quintessence of the country, the relic of the state, the public hatred of the Yan and Huang Shizhu, to drive out the recovery The noun, it should be the river Han also. Today, I use the song of neon clothes and feathers to play the history of Yushu copper ostrich, the ten-day slaughter in Yangzhou, the misery of thousands of families in Jiading, the slaughter of the gangsters, the loyalty of the martyrs, and the remnants of the people. Out of the box. Now that the distinction between the Chinese and the barbarians is clear, the plan of revenge has begun, and its influence has been rapid.
Europe has been in communication for 50 years, but the Chinese are still ignorant of foreign affairs. My husband and I worship the republic, welcome reform, and often fall in love with the disciples of Rousseau, Montesquieu, Washington, and Mazzini, wanting to imitate my compatriots, but the other side regards me as Zou Yan talking about the sky, Zhang Qian smashing the air, and it is safe and helpful. ?Today, when we catch the blue-eyed and purple-bearded children, they are dressed in the robes of graceful men, and their history is recorded. The revolution of France, the independence of America, the glorious restoration of Italy and Greece, and the tragic demise of India and Poland are all imprinted on the meninges of the people. , there must be those who rejoice. These are theatrical improvements in all things, and for this the spirit of The Twentieth Century Grand Stage was initiated.
Polk called the newspaper a fourth race. Napoleon said: "A newspaper of opposition is better than a hundred thousand Mauser guns". These are all words of pride supported by commentators. Although, enthusiastic people have nothing to rely on, and they only use high-level texts and books to ridicule the world, then the power is not in my hands, and the spring is white, the high and the low, the admiration of the discussion, and the death of the final without practicing. He will open up the wisdom of the people, return the rivers and mountains to me, build a pavilion of independence, and strike the bell of freedom, so as to perform Zhuang dramas and fast dramas that restore the old things and overthrow the imperial dynasty, then long live China, long live "The 20th Century Grand Stage"!]
Chen Duxiu's theatrical education proposition; "On Opera", the improvement of drama should "adopt Western methods";
[The original text of "On Opera":
Take your place! There is one thing that no one in the world dislikes. No matter men, women, young or old, all of them are sincere and happy. He is the world's largest educator after his lessons. But it is said, some of you don't believe it, what do you think it is? It's just a matter of singing. For those of you who read the proverbial newspaper, think about it for yourself, is there anyone who doesn't like watching dramas? I see that everyone who went to the theater to watch the play, liked it more than going to the school to read, and walked much faster under their feet, so no one who watched the play was not greatly moved by the play. For example, after reading "Changban Slope" and "Evil Tiger Village", one has some heroic spirit; after reading "Bone Burning Plan" and "Red Plum Pavilion", one has to feel sad; "Ten Times of Wu", I had the idea of revenge; after watching "Selling Rouge" and "Dang Lake Boat", I also had the evil thoughts of lust. In addition, like those gods and ghosts, rich, noble, and splendid, we Chinese people are of a low-class nature, which are not taught by the opera, and they are convinced! From what I have said, the theatre is the great hall for everyone, the actors are the great teachers for everyone, and everyone in the world is taught by them. Do you think I am wrong?
But there is a group of nerds who say that there are so many important careers and useful knowledge in the world, why don't you mention it? Moreover, the prostitutes are excellent officials and soldiers in four categories, and the court's merits do not allow him to pass the examination to become an official. He is an ordinary person, Wangba playzi and drummer, who can look down on them. It's a bit absurd that you're making such a high point of the actor himself. Ha ha! Take your place! I see the nerd saying this is bad! People in the world should be distinguished between good and bad in terms of morality and behavior. It is not the level of practice. Besides, only in China, I regard singing as a lowly occupation, and I am not allowed to be equal to others. Western countries treat tricksters and scholars in the same way. Because the act of singing has a lot to do with the customs and education of a country, and it must not be done as a serious thing. It is the reason for taking the Chinese opera examination, and it is not a cheap career. The ancient sages all learned the rhythm by themselves, such as "Cloud Gate", "Xianchi", "Shaohu", "Dawu", all kinds of music, from the suburban temples, down to the alleys, are very important. . In the Zhou Dynasty, it became "Ya" and "Ode" (that is, the "Book of Songs" we read), after the Han Dynasty it became Yuefu, Tang and Song became lyric writing, Yuan Dynasty became Kunqu Opera, and only after nearly two hundred years did it become opera. It can be seen that in today's opera, the original and ancient music are handed down in the same vein. According to the opera, it is divided into three tunes: Bangzi, Erhuang, and Xipi. It is not a day to travel from north to south. Confucius often said: "Moving customs and customs is not good for music." Mencius also said: "The music of today is the same as the music of ancient times." Opera can also be regarded as modern music. If you must say that opera is not good, and blindly respect ancient music, I am afraid it is also suitable. The characters that people use today must be written in seal script. It turns out that this matter of music will also change with the times, and it is different between today and ancient times. Nowadays, people say that they don't understand the ancient music of "Cloud Gate" and "Xianchi" in ancient times, but there are not many people who know Kunqu Opera. So in ancient times there was a Marquis of Wei Wen, who would go to sleep after listening to ancient music. King Zhuang of Chu was only moved when he saw Youmeng (similar to the current actor). What do you think is the reason? It turns out that the customs and words of ancient music are different from those at the time, so how can you not get bored if you don’t understand it? For example, if we suddenly started to play ancient Chinese music, the speech and melody were not understood by all of you, and all of you would be tired of it. Therefore, Xipi Erhuang now uses the Mandarin at that time, and everyone can understand it, which is easy to touch. If you say he is vulgar, it is because of his vulgarity that people can understand it. If you want to say that he is wandering and useless, it is not necessarily true. A well-sung drama is nothing more than playing the ancients and persuading the present, so how can it be considered useless. Besides, there are three other things that we can't see on ordinary days, but only in the play. Which three do you think they are? One is the clothes of the previous king, the other is the green forest high-ranking guest (such as "Butterfly Flower", "One Branch Peach", "Jiaxing", etc.), and the other is the heroic hero (such as Mu Guiying, Fan Lihua, Mrs. Han, etc.). If you want to understand the good and bad of these three things, you will know that the words of nerds are a bit pedantic.
But although singing is not a bad thing, there are some bad things about the dramas that are being sung now, so they are taught to tell the truth. It is no wonder that some people say that singing is not a serious thing. I also can't fully defend the actor and say he is perfect. But to say that there are some bad things about opera and it should be improved, I take it for granted. If rap drama is not serious at all, serious people should never watch it, and if it is really pedantic, I definitely dare not admit it. Whether opera is serious or not, it has been said before. As for various operas, there are good ones, some bad ones, and there are areas that should be improved. Let me talk about them one by one. Brothers and sisters who are singing operas.
One needs a lot of new rows of good weathering plays. The deeds of Jing Ke, Nie Zheng, Zhang Liang, Nan Jiyun, Yue Fei, Wen Tianxiang, Lu Xiufu, Fang Xiaoru, Wang Yangming, Shi Kefa, Yuan Chonghuan, Huang Daozhou, Li Dingguo, Qu Shiti, etc., in our ancient China, are listed in a new drama. , To be loyal, filial, righteous, and sing enthusiastically and generously, it is really beneficial to the people of the world. It's just the old dramas, like "Cannibalism", "Changban Slope", "Nine Watchmen", "Change Sons", "Death in Place", "Thorn Beam", "Fish Hidden Sword", these dramas look like A loyal heart can also arise.
One can use Western law. There are some speeches in the play, which can be learned by others, or audition for various optical and electrical tricks, and play-watchers can also practice the knowledge of style.
One does not sing the play of fairies and ghosts. Ghosts and gods are inherently vague things, inciting the foolish people, and causing great harm. Look at the boxing of righteousness in the year of Gengzi, don't they all want to learn from the heavenly soldiers and generals in the play? Plays like "Sizhou City", "Five Thunder Array" and "Nantian Gate" are already ridiculous. Especially hateful, Wu Song killed his sister-in-law. Wu Song's martial arts are excellent, and there is no reason why he can't stand against Ximen Qing. Why does he need the help of ghosts to avoid defeat, so he made Wu Er's divine power worthless. It really needs to be improved.
One must not sing prostitutes. Like that "Yuehua Yuan", "Dang Lake Boat", "Little Shang Tomb", "Double Shaking Party", "Sea Tide Pearl", "Cherry Playing", "Love Letter", "Send Silver Lantern", "Cuiping Mountain" , "Oolong Courtyard", "Sewing Arms", "Temple Fair", "Pick Up Jade Bracelets", "Pearl Shirt" and other dramas are really immoral. There is a group of people who say that singing and acting is not a serious business, and they regard acting as a cheap career, all because of such lewd dramas. There are a lot of young women watching dramas, and it is ugly to see male actors doing such lewd dramas. What's more, there are also female actors. He actually showed up and made those ugly gestures without any sense of shame. When the women saw it, it was really unreasonable to say that such dramas must be banned!
One to remove the cliché of wealth and fame. We Chinese, from the birth of the mother's womb to the coffin, only know how to mix up our own fame and wealth. As for the country's chaos and useful knowledge, we don't care about it. This is the reason for the lack of talents and the weakening of the country. If the thoughts of glory, wealth and wealth are changed in the play, such as "Fenglong Picture", "Huilong Pavilion", "Red Luan Jubilee", "Tiankai Bang", "Shuangguan Gao" and other plays, they will not be sung at all. It is also very beneficial to customs.
Our Chinese opera, if we can change it according to the above five things, can we still say that singing and singing is a useless thing to wander? Now the country is in a critical state, and the atmosphere in the mainland is still not open. There are so many ways to open up the air that the reformers from all over the world have come up with. Although it is good to open a school, it is a pity that there are very few people to teach, and the effect is too slow. Writing novels and opening newspaper offices is easy to open up people's wisdom, but people who can't read words still get no benefit. In my opinion, the only way to improve opera is to sing more new operas that are secretly open to current events. No matter whether they are high or low, they can be moved by watching them. Even the deaf can see and the blind can hear. A convenient way? I heard that there are some new dramas in Shanghai Dangui and Chunxian now. There is a famous actor in Chunxian Tea Garden named Wang Xiaonong. Opera, many people watching the opera were moved by him. I am looking forward to the theater halls all over the mainland, and some new operas that open up people's wisdom will be sung. The people who watch the opera will be influenced by him and become good people with blood and knowledge. Go to the number one educator!
(September 10, 1904, the eleventh issue of Anhui Sayings News)]
TO BE CONTINUED
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