On the "Stubborn" faction and the "Reform" faction are both royalists—and on how Shang came to be (Part 1)

#Hanzhisheng

There is no allusion to the whole article, it is really just about the history of the former Qing Dynasty - all the expositions have historical basis, but it is not convenient to attach quotations. A version with quotations and the original text will be published on the Voice of Han official account later.

one,

The world view of Ma Bandit Universe in the late Qing Dynasty is like this: two groups of people, one group is good people, who support progress, Han people’s inferiority, women’s rights, republic, capitalism, democracy, socialism, and completely transform Han culture. At first they were called the Enlightened School (Lin Zexu), later they were called the Westernization School (Zhang Zhidong), then they were called the Reform School (Liang Qichao), then they were called the Revolutionary School (Sun Yat-sen), and then they were called the New Culture School (Chen Duxiu). As time went by, he became more and more progressive, more radical, and more and more healthy, all for the sake of saving the country and the people.

The other group is bad people, they are conservative, they support Han tradition, Confucian culture, feudalism, dictatorship, monarchy, autocracy, and keep backward Han culture. So support the Manchu emperor. They successively confronted the enlightened faction, the Westernization faction, the reformist faction, the revolutionary faction, and the new culture faction, and were defeated by the former.

When talking about contemporary history, this model is also used in full consistency.

two,

All in all, this model is meant to tell you three axioms of the universe:

1. The history of the Han people is the struggle between conservatives and progressives.

2. The culture of the Han people is conservative and backward. Conservatives who insist on the culture of the Han people cannot make society develop.

3. Conservatives support the Manchu Dynasty. The Manchu Dynasty is just a product of the normal development of the Han society, essentially no different from the Han dynasty.

In the same way, in contemporary history, these three points are basically the same, but a certain noun is replaced.

three,

However, this model is pretty ridiculous. Ridiculous in three places.

1. The Revolutionary Party was born much earlier than the "Reformists", and it is not at all that "the Reformers become more progressive and then become Revolutionaries". In fact, there was a revolutionary party before there was a reformist party. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is nothing but the continuation of the Tiandihui, Tianli Sect, and White Lotus Sect against Qing Dynasty and Ming Dynasty. The Revolution of 1911 also relied heavily on the anti-Qing and Ming-ming parties in various places.

Undoubtedly, this model is wrong in reducing the Revolutionary Party to a reformist offshoot. Just like in modern history, the reform and opening up is not the continuation of the planned economy under the official "hard exploration", but the hope of Zhejiang farmers to restore the "old system" before the planned economy-let's stop there.

2. Not all revolutionary parties are "progressive". In fact, the conservative forces in the revolutionary party are strong, but the revolutionary party is not royalist. There are many trendy progressives in the "reformists", but they are all royalists.

For example, we have seen that in terms of "progress", Yan Fu is more progressive than the party who only knows the white helmet and white armor of Emperor Chongzhen. Yan Fu, Liang Qichao, Yang Du and others advocated a complete transformation of the national character of the Han people, while Sun Yat-sen and Zhang Taiyan believed that the traditional culture of the Han people should be carried forward. This is only at the level of intellectuals, and it is even more so at the level of the masses. Presumably the party members will definitely not agree with progress more than the Eight Banners masters on the streets of Beijing?

The same is true in contemporary history. Lingnan and Jiangnan, which are the most culturally conservative, have the best protection of clans and traditional religions, and are also the biggest supporters of the market economy. In Northeast China and Beijing, where education is more popular and culture is more "progressive", they support the planned economy more.

In fact, Ma Bandit Universe consciously bundles revolution with progress, and royalism with conservatism for two purposes:

1. Describe the object of imperial protection, that is, the "old system", as a product of Han tradition, thereby providing legitimacy for the old system. Just like "shaving the head is a product of the choice of the Han people", just like "the Han people support the planned economy, which is the inertia since Shang Yang".

2. At the same time, the reformed "new system" is said to be a product of its own making, to prove that the Han people have been miserable since ancient times, unable to explore a normal system, and must rely on the vanguard. Thus endorsing the "mistakes in the arduous exploration" of the vanguard.

If we know that the Han people in the Ming Dynasty could almost freely trade by sea, as free as merchants from various European countries. Then how do we explain the border-moving forbidden sea? Doesn't that prove that the relocation of the forbidden sea is the tyranny brought by us? If we know that the Republic of China had already "reformed and opened up", then——

3. The reformists generally do not support the revolution, nor do they support the nationalism of the Han people.

Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, Yan Fu and others were all royalists who opposed Sun Yat-sen and debated with the Revolutionary Party, proving that the Manchus and Hans were one. The failure of the Hans was due to their own cultural backwardness. product of".

In other words, what is the purpose of reform? Better protect Daqing. This is in the --- the same. We can see that the reform figures such as XXX, XX, XXX, XXX, XXX, XXX, their fundamental purpose is XXXXX.

Author: Voice of Han special account

Link: https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/405184859