东京散步日记|和歌庭园 · 六义园
IPFS
东京的红叶,固不如京都的世故。手忙脚乱般开一通,看起来就像五颜六色的调色盘,怎么也不比古都的沉静优雅,却倒也有它乱七八糟的一番热闹。
再游六义园,进门踏上落叶铺满的泥路,便被略带点潮湿的秋树味道慷慨地包围。东京也到了该煞有介事赏赏红叶的时候了,因此尽管是工作日,园中游人不少;能看到好景致的小桥桥头,站着提醒客人们莫贪恋流连、当心落水的工作人员。最近天黑得晚,舍不得在休憩处坐下,赶着一步一感叹,走了一两圈还意犹未尽。松枫榉楠樱与梅,山茶杜鹃白棠子,总觉得没看够。尤其茶花,开了一道又落了一道,现在又在开,杜鹃也出来争春——看来这里冬天是真的不冷。
六义园是柳泽吉保修建的,他是江户幕府五代将军德川纲吉侧用人、谱代大名。元禄八年(1695年),柳泽拜领约2万7千坪的加贺藩旧下屋敷,之后花费七年时间造山、引入千川上水水源造池,完成此座回游式筑山泉水庭园。元禄十五年(1702年),庭园与下屋敷一同完成,之后五代将军曾多次到访此处。此园以和歌的趣味为基调,六义园之名,即来自和歌分类的六体。六体则是模仿中国古诗的分类法(诗的六义,即风雅颂赋比兴)而来。庭园遍布纪州和歌之浦的美景与和歌中提到的名胜,以及中国古典景观,凡八十八处,今余三十二处,园内有木牌标明。
此园是江户时代大名庭园的代表之作,柳泽吉保之后逐渐荒废。进入明治时代,三菱公司创业者岩崎弥太郎购入六义园,整理修葺,作为别墅。其后,岩崎家于昭和十三年(1938年)将庭园捐赠给东京市。六义园在昭和二十八年(公元1953年)被国家指定为特别名胜,是现在的东京都立九庭园之一。
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