Jin Yong's chivalrous spirit from Li Bai's "Xing Xing"

knight's line

(Tang) Li Bai

Zhao Keman, Hu Ying, Wu Goosen, Xueming.

The silver saddle shines on the white horse, and the madness is like a shooting star.

Killing a person in ten steps, without leaving a thousand miles.

Hello.

After leisurely drinking at Xinling, he took off his sword and crossed his knees.

He will cook Zhu Hai and persuade Hou Ying to hold a teapot.

Three cups of swearing promises, the five mountains are lighter.

After dazzling eyes and ears, the spirit is full of vitality.

Handan was first shocked when he rescued Zhao with the golden hammer.

Qianqiu two heroes, Xuanhe Daliang City.

Even if you die, you will not be ashamed of the world.

Who can write your Excellency, Baishou Taixuanjing?

This poem was written in the third year of Tianbao (744 A.D.), when Li Bai, who sang "Laughing in the sky and going out, my generation is a Penghao people", went to Chang'an, the ideal holy place in his heart, with great enthusiasm. It backfired. Li Bai, who hoped to "go out and enter the phase" could not realize his ideals in Chang'an. He was just a jester who was used by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang to write poetry. Li Bai, who yearned for freedom of personality, could no longer bear this kind of "broken eyebrows, waists and dignitaries". ”, so, Li Bai left the place that he had longed for in his dreams, the place where countless people went on pilgrimages one after another, left Chang’an, and began his life prelude to roaming with swords. The first stop was Daliang City. From ancient times to the present, there have been countless generous people in the land of Yan and Zhao, and the Tang Dynasty was an era of " martialism ", which made the style of the ranger quite popular. "Merging Hu and Han as a whole, civil and military are not different." This created a bloody era, and it was not only Li Bai who was affected, but also great poets such as Du Fu and Wang Wei, who were influenced by the popularity of Ren Xia at that time. Influenced by the influence of the social consciousness of the people, driven by professionalism and ambition, Li Bai also wanted to do something arrogant and happy, which was widely praised by the society. This " Knight 's Journey" is the true portrayal of Li Bai's inner voice. He is in this poem. It depicts the images of Zhu Hai and Hou Ying, the two knights. Similarly, Mr. Jin Yong , a master of martial arts novels in Hong Kong, has left us countless classic images of knights in his fourteen novels, such as Guo Jing, Qiao Feng, Linghu Chong and many other images of knights. Below, we will discuss Analyze the image of "Xia" written by Jin Yong from the "Xia Xing" written by Li Bai or the "Xia" in his mind?

First of all, the understanding of "Xia". The interpretation of the word "Xia" in " Shuowen Jiezi ": "Xia", "sound from people". From the person who refers to the chivalrous character, the sound refers to the pronunciation of the chivalrous character. Jiazi was originally two people, one on the left and the other on the right, supporting the big one. In the oracle bone inscriptions, the big one is a flat human character; in "Ciyuan ", it is explained as: "In the old days, it refers to the person who fights injustice and acts bravely in the face of justice"; " Ci Hai " It is explained here as: "A chivalrous person---a man of righteousness." These all reflect one of the basic qualities of a "chivalrous man": to see the injustice, draw a sword to help, and hoe the strong to help the weak. This idea originated from the Mohist thought in the pre-Qin period. It originally had lofty ideals, and later evolved into the idea of "chivalry" in later generations. In ancient times, "chivalry" and "righteousness" were often referred to together. They were called chivalrous and righteous, with The spirit of chivalry, such as the "Southern Hero" Zhan Zhao in " Seven Heroes and Five Righteousness ", he is not only a knight who hoes the strong and helps the weak, but also follows Bao Zheng to solve strange cases repeatedly, and has become a "big man" praised by everyone in the world. Hero".

For the "heroes", Mr. Jin Yong described as follows:

Jin Yong's "The Condor Heroes " 20th episode: Guo Jing said again: "Why do my generation practice martial arts and learn martial arts? It is our duty to act as a chivalrous person and help people in distress, but this is only the lesser chivalrous person. Calling me 'Guo Daxia' respectfully is because I respect me for the country and the people, and help defend Xiangyang regardless of my life. However, my talents are limited and I can't help the people, so I really deserve the word 'hero'."

Jin Yong's " Eight Dragons " Chapter 43: Let's fight a river of blood and bones like mountains. If you want your Murong Clan to take the opportunity to revive the country of Yan, I will be loyal to Daliao and serve the country. It is to protect the land and the people, not For the sake of his own glory and wealth, he killed people and acquired land and made contributions.

"For the country and the people, the hero is the greatest". This sentence is exactly Mr. Jin Yong's interpretation of "xia". The real hero is not for his own selfish pleasure, but for the country and the whole nation. Many people don't like the image of Guo Jing in Jin Yong's writings, thinking that this person is dull and lacks romance, and is a very boring image, but looking at the two books "The Legend of the Condor Heroes " and "The Legend of the Condor Heroes", Guo Jing is actually a very interesting person. A successful character, he has a complete growth trajectory, childhood, youth, prime years until his death in Xiangyang at the end. He is not the image of the protagonists in many martial arts novels who are always strong and invincible. He is a simple boy from a farm family. He is dull by nature, speaks dumb, and lost his father since he was a child. He grew up in the desert frontier, and his name also has a strong sense of nationality. Together with Yang Kang, he formed the unforgettable "Shame of Jingkang" in the Song Dynasty. Not to mention pretty. However, Guo Jing's character and actions are in line with Confucian orthodox moral values and traditional chivalrous spirit. The most obvious and most important thing reflected in Guo Jing is his personality. Martial arts are second, and he values faith. Although he likes Huang Rong very much, he must marry Mu Nianci in the face of his father's will. Hesitating and contradictory, his feelings for Mu Nianci are only brother and sister. When there is a conflict between traditional morality and personal grievances, his beautiful character will undoubtedly be revealed. He and Yang Kang became brothers. Although Yang Kang was very unwilling and did not take this kind of brotherhood in his eyes, he framed Guo Jing and was in danger several times, but Guo Jing believed that Yang Kang was deceived and should not be blamed, but a few times. He persuaded Yang Kang to change his ways. After Yang Kang harmed others and eventually himself, he buried Yang Kang, and after finding Yang Guo, he seriously educated Yang Guo, not wanting him to follow the old path of Yang Kang, or even be misunderstood by Yang Guo, and finally his noble personality Having won everything, he displayed the brilliance of a traditional Confucian gentleman.

The Confucian tradition emphasizes the "five virtues", and these qualities are all manifested in Guo Jing, but the most important thing that embodies his core is his great loyalty to the country and the nation. He is very ordinary, but in the face of the loss of life and the Mongol invasion, he still gave up his life. The identity of Mongolia's golden sword consort, even betrayed the great Khan he revered, returned to the Central Plains, and guarded Xiangyang until he died in battle. Similarly, Qiao Feng, who is the embodiment of chivalry, also has this kind of generous and tragic heroic beauty. Qiao Feng's appearance is based on Duan Yu's observation in "Tianlong Babu". As soon as he appears on the scene, he is a head start. He is a heroic image, reflecting his heroic and unruly character; in the battle of Juxianzhuang, he faced A hero from the Central Plains, Qiao Feng embodies the Confucian gentleman's open-mindedness. After drinking, the more sinister the situation, the more calm Qiao Feng will be. It's not that he's not afraid of death, and he once thought of leaving Arjuna, but seeing all the heroes covetously aroused his recklessness: Why should a man be happy in life, and why should he be afraid of death? After drinking, he shouted: Who will fight to the death first? For a while, no one dared to step forward, and the heroic spirit is evident. After a bloody battle, who is right and who is right, has a clear conscience, not for anything else, because of Aju's condition, and they have only met twice.

In the Shaolin War, Qiao Feng embodied Mencius' "power and strength cannot be subdued". He sneered: "Xiao is a good man, he is as famous as you!". As the king of the Southern Court of the Liao Kingdom, under one person and above ten thousand people, because he did not want to invade the Song Dynasty, and he did not want to become a sinner of the Khitan, he forced his elder brother to make a solemn vow that he would never invade the Song Dynasty in his lifetime. But this went against his will and finally chose to die.

Chapter 50 of Jin Yong's "Eight Dragons": Xiao Feng said loudly: "Your Majesty, Xiao Feng is a Khitan. Today, he threatened Your Majesty and became a big sinner of Khitan. How can he stand between heaven and earth?" Picking up the underground The two broken arrows, the internal strength, and the arms, with a puff, inserted into his heart.

The word "hero" is not only to help the weak, but also to have the traditional virtues of the nation - "benevolence", "righteousness", "propriety", "wisdom", and "trust". Is a "Knight", a real "Hero".

Li Bai also showed this kind of fearless chivalrous spirit in "The Journey of the Knight". He roamed the land of Yanzhao and experienced Yanzhao's generosity and commitment. It was a maverick who portrayed a maverick from the very beginning. Warrior image. Li Bai was influenced by Confucianism and Taoism since he was a child, and he longed for a knight who promised a lot of money and died generously. The most influential person in the land of Yanzhao was the knight Jing Ke, so the image of the knight at the beginning of the poem was naturally the image of Jing Ke.

" Historical Records ", Volume 86, Assassin Biography 26: Jing Qing likes to read and fencing, and uses techniques to talk about Wei Yuanjun, but Wei Yuanjun does not use it. ... The prince and the guests who knew about it were all dressed in white as gifts. Above the Yishui, the ancestors took the road, Gao Jianli left and attacked the building, Jing Ke sang in harmony, and the soldiers were all weeping and weeping for the sound of the change. He went forward again and sang: "The wind is bleak and the water is cold; once the strong man goes, he will not return." Yu Sheng was again generous, and the soldiers were all stunned, and the crown of their fingers was full of hair. So Jing Ke drove away and finally ignored it.

Tao Yuanming wrote in the poem "Ying Jingke": "Yan Dan is good at raising scholars, and aims to repay the strong and win. He recruits hundreds of good people, and he wins Jing Qing at the end of the year. A gentleman is a confidant and brings his sword out of Yanjing.  … Although the person is gone, he has a thousand years of love." He believed that Jing Ke died generously in order to save the weak state of Yan from being bullied by Qiang Qin, and on the other hand, it was also to repay Prince Yan's confidant. The old man keeps his promise, and he can also die for his confidant, which shows that as a knight, he must have a good character, otherwise he will not be a knight in the true sense. Li Bai's knighthood clearly bears such traces.

Second, the image and character of the knight. Li Bai's "Xing Xing Xing" gave the image of a knight at the very beginning. "Zhao Keman Hu Ying, Wu Gou Shuang Xueming. The silver saddle shines on the white horse, and the madness is like a meteor. Killing a person in ten steps, leaving a thousand miles behind. When things are done, go away and hide in deep hiding and fame." Yan Zhao has been generous since ancient times. Elegy, from the very beginning, Li Bai sketched the image of a knight like Jing Ke. He wears a crown like the Hu people in the north, the blade of his sword is as bright as frost and snow, and he rides a fast BMW with ten paces. One person, not staying for a thousand miles, strong swordsmanship, and brave. The knight in Li Bai's writings is typical, exuding a kind of arrogance and generosity, and the poet further pointed out that the behavior of the knight is a noble personality of solving problems, not seeking fame and fortune, honoring loyalty, and paying attention to promises, etc. The ideal personality of the author. In Jin Yong's writings, there are also such images of knights who don't care about fame and fortune, but are generous and virtuous. For example, Linghu Chong in "The Swordsman" and Yang Guo in "The Return of the Condor Heroes", among which Linghu is the most representative. rush.

Linghu Chong was an orphan without a parent and no mother. He was adopted by Yue Buqun and his wife, the head of the Huashan Sect, and raised him to become a major disciple of the Huashan Sect. He regards Yue Buqun and his wife as his biological parents. No matter how much grievance he suffers, he can always endure it, and his biggest wish is to return to Huashan. When he first came out of the arena to save Yilin from the humiliation of Tian Boguang, the flower-picking thief, he fought Tian Boguang, who was despised by everyone in the rivers and lakes, and various unrighteous means emerged one after another, in order to save a nun who he did not know; Adhering to his good and evil, whether it is Tian Boguang, Lan Fenghuang, Ping Yizhi or Ren Yingying who are together in the end, which one is the so-called righteous path, and even how many can be regarded as evil people; But he never had the slightest desire for fame and fortune; he learned martial arts that shocked the world, but he never intended to dominate the rivers and lakes; although he was addicted to alcohol all his life, and occasionally spoke lightly, but what he did was touching and respectable. Because there is nothing despicable in his character and feelings; because he would rather pay the highest price than make any compromise that goes against his own principles.

Jin Yong's "Swordsman", Chapter 10: Feng Qingyang is also Linghu Chong's confidant. When he heard Linghu Chong say this, he was "overjoyed": "Okay, okay... A man does what he likes, and he can do whatever he wants. So, what are the rules of martial arts, the dogma of the sect, it's all fucking bullshit!" And Linghuchong heard Feng Qingyang's words: "These few words really came to his heart, and it doesn't sound like that. It's a pleasure to come out." These two people, the old and the young, have similar temperaments, and naturally what one side says will penetrate into the other's heart.

Linghu Chong is a man of temperament, and often makes a major choice between a single thought. These choices were originally the inevitable choices of his chivalrous, open-minded and open-minded personality, and they did not need to be carefully considered, because his character such as faith first and arrogance was consistent, without pretense.

In the sense of the rivers and lakes, Linghu Chong tried his best to be born but couldn't get rid of it for a long time, and he acted recklessly but was stubborn. He attaches great importance to emotion, especially the relationship between master and apprentice. "One day as a teacher, life as a father!" He has always regarded his master as a god, and did not allow himself to be disrespectful in the slightest. After all the signs showed that Yue Buqun was a complete hypocrite, he still did not want to believe the truth, he kept running away, and he lacked the courage to face the truth. Therefore, he cannot escape the fate of being used by others. He called himself a "prodigal son" and admitted that he "never reads". He is not a savior, he is just a cornerstone idol who pursues freedom, occasionally acts for righteousness, and has infinite charisma. Linghu Chong's biggest characteristic is "chivalry and frankness". He is never bound by secular etiquette. As long as he thinks it is right, even if everyone in the world is against it, he will not be moved, including making friends with people from the demon sect, and going to Hengshan to give to nuns. When in charge, act recklessly. He is not from a well-known family, and his family background is not as prominent as Lin Pingzhi. Although he has learned the Nine Swords of Dugu and the Dafa of Absorbing Stars in martial arts, he uses it to save his life and kill the enemy in critical moments, but most of the time he is seriously injured and seriously ill, and even beats a street rogue. but. Linghu Chong definitely does not have the idea and tendency of "serving the country and the people" that the ancient chivalrous men admired most. This is different from Guo Jing, Xiao Feng, Yuan Chengzhi and others. He does not have so many shining auras, but his sincerity can be moved. people. He has no scheming, no ambition to dominate the rivers and lakes, and he does not want to carry forward his school and make a name for it through the ages. He only hopes to have wine and music, and to live a peaceful life with the person he loves, so that he can be "smiling and proud". Linghu Chong can best embody the frankness and disregard for fame and fortune in "The Xia Xing Xing". It is precisely because Linghu Chong does not have too many desires that he can get rid of the shackles of fame and fortune, and truly realize the pride of the world.

Finally, the aspirations and ideals of knights. Although Sima Qian made a dialectical analysis of different types of chivalrous heroes in "Records of the Grand Historian" and "Biographies of Assassins", he mainly affirmed that they were faithful and had a spirit of fighting against injustice. But he also pointed out that Xia is "unrighteous". Just as Han Feizi said: "Xia is forbidden by martial arts", but Ban Gu in the " Han Shu " in the biography of the knight has taken a completely negative attitude towards the chivalry: "Those who are restrained and rangers are called the four heroes. The deeds of the good and the bad party are completed, and the righteousness of keeping one's duty and honoring is abolished." The last few sentences of Li Bai's "Xiaoke Xing" affirmed the spirit of the knight's commitment to life and death. The heart-hearted Hou Ying and Zhu Hai jointly discussed the major event of resistance to Qin, even if they sacrificed their lives, and finally stole the tiger talisman and defeated the Qin army's invasion of Zhao. Exactly what Li Bai longed for. Therefore, the image of the knights in Li Bai's writings is those righteous men who can sacrifice their lives for the sake of state affairs. Although he left the court, the Confucian thought of "doing greatness and helping the world, and being poor alone" has never changed. In his mind, Even if he leaves the court, like Hou Ying and Zhu Hai, he will die generously for the country and leave his name in the history. Li Bai just wanted to get acquainted with a Ming master like Xinlingjun in order to achieve his political ambition of "Shen Guanyan's talk, seeking the emperor's technique, striving for his intelligence, and willing to be an auxiliary prime minister to make the Huan District settle down and Haixian Jingyi". .

The hero Yang Guo in "The Condor Heroes" spent the first half of his life basically trying to find his "father and enemy" and waiting for the missing little dragon girl, but when he was physically disabled and obtained the essence of the swordsmanship of Dugu seeking defeat, he Appeared in the rivers and lakes with another face, and got the title of "Condor Hero":

Jin Yong's "The Return of the Condor Heroes", Episode 33, Fengling Night Talk: The man said, "Yeah, this hero is a chivalrous hero, so he can fight injustice, but he never says his name, and friends on the rivers and lakes see him Inseparable from a strange bird, he gave him a nickname called 'The Condor Hero'.

Yang Guo's efforts to eliminate corrupt officials and rescue girls in distress earned him the title of "hero", because after Yang Guo was born, his mother passed away. And the old people, the young and the young, and the young people”, Yang Guo has no earth-shattering events, it is completely ordinary people’s little things, it is these inconspicuous little things that have earned him the reputation of “The Condor Hero” .

In Jin Yong's " Blood Sword", Jin Yong created the image of another knight-Yuan Chengzhi. He is the son of Yuan Chonghuan, an anti-gold hero. In addition, he occasionally obtained the swordsmanship secret book of the martial arts geek "Golden Snake Langjun", and learned the skill of the snake sword. He is highly skilled in martial arts but has a loyal heart, treats people with sincerity, and is highly respected by the martial arts brothers. His ideal is not to unify the rivers and lakes, but to simply avenge his father and the golden snake, but this kind of revenge is not indiscriminately killing innocent people. Instead, he used his loyalty to influence the enemy. He led the group of heroes to help the king Li Zicheng to rob the official silver and raise military funds. , living abroad. However, Yuan Chengzhi is respected by the martial arts in the arena, not because of his prominent identity and outstanding martial arts, but because of his chivalrous heart. In him, the traditional "righteousness" of the Han people is most fully reflected.

A knight together is a precious cultural gene left over from the oriental culture since ancient times. Whether it is the knight in Li Bai's mind or the one in Jin Yong's writings, it embodies the assistance to the weak and the challenge to unfair power. In the face of national justice , often at the expense of self, in daily life, but practice his own moral bottom line, frank, unrestrained, but not pursuing fame and wealth, this is the real "knight", is the real "knight's way".

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