Sex and Love in Yan'an Period

revolution and love

Yan'an "sex" thing is very distinctive. The South has been popular for ten years, making revolutions with its head up, and sacrifices often happen. On May 18, 1933, Tao Zhu was arrested in a pavilion in Shanghai and sent to the Nanjing Prison. His wife Zeng Zhi (1911-1998) served as the organization director of the temporary special committee in Mindong. At the same time, he was better than the propaganda minister Ye Fei (later the general and secretary of the Fujian Provincial Party Committee) and the guerrilla captain Ren Tiefeng, and was punished by the organization. No way, why should I be primarily responsible?! Just because I'm a woman? I didn't try to provoke them, but I admit that there is a petit bourgeois romance on this issue, and I think it's my right to be in love... I'm right Ye Fei had a good impression... At that time, I had a good relationship with the two of them, and we communicated more often after work... Tao Zhu wrote to say that he was sentenced to life imprisonment, and his recovery of freedom was indefinite. At that time, I was only 23 years old, I am a Communist Party member and a professional revolutionary, and I have to make sacrifices for the revolution at any time. At the same time, I have long since thrown out the feudal things like the "Three Obediences and Four Virtues" and the Chastity Archway. Therefore, it is my freedom to find a new object. I have the right to make a choice."

Gao Gang saw the leaders of the provincial party committee visiting a brothel in Xi'an. He was surprised at first, but then he understood - the environment is dangerous, and maybe he will lose his head one day. One day is counted as one day, shouldn't it be time to have fun? ! In January 1934, Gao Gang was severely punished for raping women, but he still looked for women everywhere he went. After the Central Red Army arrived in Yan'an, he saw that some high-ranking officials in the party were "like" with him. Naturally, not only did he not restrain himself, but he also developed. As the position of power increased, the subordinates voted well, and the women sent their arms. Gao Gang "played" from the northwest to the northeast and then to Beijing. His wife Li Liqun repeatedly complained to Zhou Enlai that her husband was "corrupted". However, the "life section" did not affect Gao Gang's political strength all the way. If Mao Zedong weighed the pros and cons and abandoned Gao Bao Liu, Gao Gang almost replaced Liu Shaoqi as the "successor".

A large number of educated youth gathered together, and marriage and love soon became a "problem". At this time, regardless of the gender ratio or the crowded living conditions, it was decided that the CCP could only practice abstinence in the name of devoting itself to fighting the Japanese. Before the "Huang Kegong Incident" in September 1937, Yan'an implemented a Puritan-style policy of abstinence, and the Anti-Japanese National University stipulated that no dating or marriage was allowed during the study period--he devoted himself to the party's cause. At Huang Kegong's death sentence meeting, Zhang Wentian said in his concluding remarks that "it is best not to fall in love." Mao Zedong made a special report on "Revolution and Love Issues" in the Anti-Japanese War, and stipulated three principles - "the principle of revolution, the principle of not hindering work and study, The principle of voluntariness", although the prohibition of "no love" is lifted, "all actions must be obeyed", love can be free, marriage must be approved, and abortion requires a letter of introduction from the organization department. When approving Fan Yuanzhen's curettage, Gao Gang said: "Let her scrape, she is a lesbian who can work." Fan was very grateful: "The scraping of the uterus was once or twice, and the party approved it twice without saying a word."

During his work in the New Fourth Army in southern Anhui, Chen Pixian (1916-1995) was in his twenties, and people were often introduced to him. Many young women also liked this "old cadre of the Red Army", but Xiang Ying and Chen Yi disagreed, and Chen Pixian couldn't "continue". Afterwards, Chief Xiang Chen chose a military woman secret for him. With the approval of Zeng Shan, he was "married by order" on February 13, 1940. Marriage and love in Yan'an belong to the "revolution and love" of the specimen type. Individual sex and social transformation are closely combined, and microscopic behaviors bind macroscopic values. "Comradeship and Sex".

In 1941, Hu Yaobang and Li Zhao made a "love three chapters" by the Yanhe River: first a revolutionary comrade, and then a life partner; after getting married, they did not forget the great cause of fighting for communism; they must withstand various tests and help each other in the same boat Always. The revolution has brought the ideal close at hand, and the red couples have high expectations for the future, not only the national justice of anti-Japanese nationalism, but also the political future of democratic building of the country, and the index of spiritual happiness is quite high. But with misfortune and good fortune, since enjoying the enthusiasm of the revolution, they have to taste the bitterness of politics together. A very strong pan-politicization permeates life in Yan'an. On the most personal issue of marriage and love, the rules they accept are also political instructions:

In this great age, the individual is a small thing! . . . On the question of gay men and women in the revolution, we must first follow the decision of the organization. Our requirements for a "lover" are just like the requirements for any comrade, and they cannot be separated from the "class scale". There must be a firm "stand", a correct "point of view" and a good "style". There is no difference between men and women, and women and men. Therefore, the correct concept of love must be based on a certain ideological level and political understanding! His so-called "position" refers to the "proletarian position"; "opinion" refers to the "labor view" (that is, the so-called view of serving the workers, peasants and soldiers), and a good "style" refers to opposing the "liberal style". .

The 25-year-old Li Rui met his 21-year-old wife: "The relationship between the two is mainly about politics, and they are always concerned about politics." The happiness of the couple depends on the "speed of progress" - the rate of organizational trust and promotion. On April 5, 1950, Fan Yuanzhen's family letter: "I have had strong emotional demands on you over the past ten years, and it has always been accompanied by politics... If the two sides do not progress, it is impossible to have a happy relationship. Sometimes I am determined to divorce. Think so."

Zhao Chaogou recounts:

The highly exaggerated "gay love" must also have an important influence on women's love and marriage in Yan'an. Since gay love should be above all love, then love and marriage should also be based on comradeship as the first condition. The choice of personal likes and dislikes can only be used among comrades. This is just like the old-fashioned marriage with family as the first condition, wouldn't it hurt the freedom of personal love?

"Guaranteed to complete the task" and "Marry the big one"

The gender ratio in Yan'an is seriously unbalanced. 30:1 before 1938, 18:1 in 1941, 8:1 in April 1944. Most of the female educated youths who went to Yanchang came from cities and towns, with good appearance and temperament, great leeway in choosing a mate, hot market prices, and they felt "how rare and precious". They determined that "Wang Ming's eloquence, Bogu's theory", non-high officials, big intellectuals do not marry.

It is the fate of Yan'an women to choose the "big" one to marry. Although they are all about women's liberation, independence and equality, some young women also raised the banner of "not marrying the chief". For example, Guo Jiyun, a female college student, rejected Liu Shaoqi, and a first-resistance college girl rejected the face-to-face courtship of President Lin Biao. But the vast majority of them can only be valued by "revolutionary values" in the end, based on their rank, and proud of marrying veteran Long March cadres. Helen Snow records: "Peng Dehuai's Puritan temperament, which naturally attracted women's interest in him, they found him very attractive. A female warrior tried to seduce him, but he was rejected." Really insisted "Equality" is always in the minority.

With the arrival of urban women, the top cadres of the CCP set off a wave of divorce and remarriage. In addition to Mao Zedong's divorce from He Zizhen and his marriage to Jiang Qing, American doctor Ma Haide teased Han Suyin: "Liu Shaoqi divorced four times and remarried five times, but every time it was completely legal." On the same day, Mao Zedong criticized a certain woman at the meeting because her lover became the instructor of the donkey and horse team, and she stopped loving her. Men's selection criteria have been lowered all the way: "One is women, the other is big feet, and the third is literacy. The status of men has plummeted, and the value of women has skyrocketed. ... Men are looking for women, almost to the point of starvation. "

The female college students were washing their feet by the Yanhe River, and the male compatriots on the other side lined up to look dumbly. The girls winked and laughed: "Look, our 'tail' is here again!" After a long time, the girls called the men who often came by the river "" River Defense Commander", and later "Founding Fathers" among them. Li Xia, a girl from the Anti-Japanese Federation who studied in Suzhou, finds several courtship letters in the cave window every morning; Guo Jiyun, a girl from Harbin, has a very high "turning rate", and many men court in various ways; "Besieged, chased and intercepted", the cave door and clothes pockets were filled with notes, known as "the besieged female eighth road", forced to help, she had to publicize her relationship with Zhang Like (later deputy secretary of the Shenyang Municipal Party Committee), and got married early in 1941. The courtship letter of a veteran cadre usually has only a few sentences, but it has the key content - "I love you!"

On Saturday afternoon, the gate of Yan'an Women's University was very lively, and the reception room was crowded with men. The female college students jokingly said: "Saturday, Shiro is visiting his mother!" , called "guerrilla warfare". Yan'an New Ballad: "The abbot is tall in the cave dwelling of the female university! The anti-college students can't reach... There are many pairs by the Yanshui River, and the guerrilla war in the Northwest Hostel is heroic..." Most people have to hide their sexual desires, but Mao Zedong Dare to speak up. An anti-college student wrote to ask why Mao divorced He Zizhen and married Lan Ping? Does it conform to Mao's own three principles? Mao replied: "I am with Comrade He Zizhen because of disagreement, and I am with Comrade Lan Ping to solve sexual desire..."

" Resources " are severely lacking, and it is almost impossible for young women to refuse marriage. Ding Ling's "Feelings of the "March 8th Festival": "The marriage of a lesbian will always attract people's attention, but not make people satisfied." If you marry a worker and peasant cadre, you will be ridiculed by intellectual cadres: "A section chief also marries Are you ready?" If you marry an intellectual, the workers and peasants also have opinions: "Damn, look down on our old cadres and say they are scumbags. If it weren't for our scumbags, you would like to come to Yan'an to eat millet!" There is also "organizational distribution". In 1937, Wang Dingguo, a 22-year-old Long March woman, was assigned to 54-year-old Xie Juezai. The organization told her that this was a solemn and sacred revolutionary task. Wang Dingguo responded readily: "Guaranteed to complete the task!" Packed up his backpack and went to his wife's post. Deng Xiaoping and Zhuo Lin's marriage and love was when Deng returned to Yan'an from the front line. At a glance, he saw the Peking university student and left a sentence "please help with the work". When the organization came forward, Zhuo Lin got married even though she thought she was short. 19-year-old girl Zhu Ming married Lin Boqu, who was in her 50s.

Organizing messy mandarin ducks

If you fall in love (let alone get married) without the approval of the organization, it is a big taboo. However, the "first transaction" of unmarried pregnancies is still an unavoidable landscape. Xia Sha, who went to Yanchang at the age of 14, fell in love with a colleague in the art troupe at the age of 17, and became pregnant at the age of 18. She found Zhang Jichun, the deputy political commissar, to confess and ask for punishment. Zhang Jichun gave an "indefinite extension of the preparatory period for joining the party". In the rectification rescue movement, "life issues" and "political issues" made Xia Sha a key target of criticism at the General School of the Anti-Japanese University. She sincerely reviewed the "bourgeois life style" at the conference. Chen Yajun, a painter of the New Fourth Army, fell in love with a girl from Yancheng Middle School, and was criticized at a meeting.

Organizing "Mandarin Duck Scores", veteran cadres in front of the window beauty pageants, getting married within 24 hours of getting to know each other and other "revolutionary love", and "performing" all the way. Some senior officials of the New Fourth Army took advantage of opportunities such as work contacts or group radio exercises to directly select urban girls. Chen Yi, Su Yu, Peng Xuefeng...all brought back their sweethearts. Nie Fengzhi (general) and Xiang Shouzhi (general in 1988) of the Eighth Route Army were also married from female students during this period. They turn around and use the same method to solve "personal problems" for their subordinates. Zhang Fuhua (1911-1957, posthumously awarded major general), the father of "Red Concubine" Zhang Ning (Lin Liguo's fiancee), was born in Xingguo, Jiangxi. The female soldier company went out for exercise in the early morning, and Xu Shiyou, commander of the military region, asked Zhang at the window: "Which one do you like?" Zhang pointed to a tall beauty: "I want that ocean horse!" This woman is Zhang Ning's mother, Wendeng County, Jiaodong The Hou family is a famous beauty in a radius of 100 miles. The next day, we organized a conversation and introduced Director Zhang in a few words, even if a good thing was settled. On the third night, the 17-year-old "Yangma" carried a marching bag into Director Zhang's house. A table of peanuts and red dates and a bottle of shochu are considered a gift. "My mother went to the revolution to escape the arranged marriage. After becoming a member of the Communist Party, she married my father who was 16 years older than him by an 'organization arrangement'. This kind of thing was not uncommon in the war years. Desperate commanders, many of their wives are married to their husbands under similar circumstances to my mother. It's called 'revolutionary feelings'."

The Yan'an newspaper once published a famous cartoon "Xin Nara Runs Out", satirizing some young women who ran away from home in order to fight for independence and freedom, and became vassals of major cadres when they arrived in Yan'an. In Yan'an, where social values are still highly unified (official standard), the value diversification of women's marriage and love choices in Yan'an is really a tree without roots. Xie Juezai's diary on December 3, 1937: "The petty bourgeoisie's sacred concept of love should be overthrown. Because it hinders work and seeks hardship for itself."

Because the chiefs at all levels often marry urban girls, some red girls have raised their objections to the "leadership line". Lin Ying, a girl from Xiangfan, is one of the advocates, and was once known as "Little Yan'an" - Queshan Zhugou, Henan (the residence of the Fourth Division of the New Fourth Army). However, 20 days after receiving the first love letter from Peng Xuefeng (1907-1944), Lin Ying broke her golden body and "married" the old Red Army veteran in 1930. Wan Haifeng, an old Red Army member of the First Brigade of the New Fourth Army, married Zhao Zheng, a girl from Shanghai Nursing School in October 1943.

After the May Fourth Movement, the freedom of marriage and love, which was so hard to win, was handed over so "nobly" - party members must get approval from the organization for marriage and divorce. Feng Lanrui wanted to divorce his ex-husband. The report submitted in the spring of 1943 was approved in 1944. Thirty-two-year-old regiment leader Gao Ziru applied for marriage to twenty-nine-year-old Bao Kan, but Peng Zhen refused, on the grounds that the Eighth Route Corps leader could not marry a non-party member; Bao Kan joined the party in April 1947 and obtained the prerequisite for marrying his lover Conditions, but Gao Ziru died in the spring of 1946 on the front line in North China. Many lovers were persuaded and even criticized by the organization due to the poor background of one party, causing scenes of suicide tragedy. In 1948, Han Zhixin, a telegrapher of the Mass Daily in the Hebei-Chahar-Reliao base area, was criticized for "covering up the landlord" and "accepting bribes" because he was in love with the landlord's daughter. Han Zhixin was very nervous and committed suicide with a rifle that night.

There is also a "temporary wife" in Yan'an. The two Soviet liaison officers and the leader of the Japanese Communist Party, Okano Jin (Nosaka Sanzo, 1892-1993), each had temporary wives, and they declared in advance that they would not take them with them when they returned to China. They proposed to the CCP to find a "temporary wife", and the organization chose to agree. When the two Soviets returned to China, the temporary wife ended her mission, and the temporary husband left a sum of money each. Shen Rong (1922-2004), a 38-style female cadre, was very puzzled: "I always thought that love and marriage were sacred and free. How could they be assigned by the organization, and they were only temporary? It's incredible. Neither of these two ladies. Knowing Russian, I really don’t know how their married life lived. The Communist Party has always advocated democracy and freedom and opposed feudalism, so how could they agree to such unreasonable demands of the Soviets?”

During the Jiangxi period, the CCP looked for a "temporary wife" Xiao Yuehua (a Cantonese girl from the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League) for Li De. The CCP is quite tolerant of the phenomenon of monogamy, which is very common among cadres. In 1948, Bo Shunian in Taiyue District had a wife and a son. After participating in the revolution, he married a woman surnamed Yan. His wife and son were brought in, and the organization ordered Bo to divorce Yan. Commissioner's wife), Yan died and Huang Can, only sentenced to 15 years in prison. Xie Juezai, who also has a "Lady of the Anti-Japanese War" commented : "There are one person and two wives, and many revolutionary cadres have them. Due to the war, the original wives can't gather because of the separation, and they can't be blamed for bigamy. Once they meet, as long as they don't have disputes, why should others care? Mind your own business. You must leave one of them, and one of them must lose their place." This means that if the people do not act, why should the officials be held accountable?

Romance Index

Limited by the conditions, the romantic index of marriage and love in Yan'an is very low. Except for "one letter every three days and one visit every seven days", the only romantic thing for lovers is the weekend dance. On the threshing floor, under the oil lamp, accompanied by a huqin, they danced in straw sandals. Weddings are even more revolutionary. On September 1, 1942, Shu Tong (1905-1998, later the first secretary of the Shandong Provincial Party Committee), a veteran Long March cadre, married Shi Lan, an educated woman, and Peng Zhen, the principal of the Central Party School, presided over the wedding. Potato chips, and boiled water as wine." This is not bad, there are noodles and vegetables, and a wedding banquet is held. Most weddings in Yan'an can only eat peanuts, commonly known as "peanut weddings". On November 20, 1938, Mao Zedong and Jiang Qing got married, and they only set up three tables outside the cave in Fenghuang Mountain, with a few ordinary dishes, a pot of rice, no wine and no stools, and the guests ate while standing. Mao Zedong didn't come out, Jiang Qing came out and walked around and said hello. The guests eat their meals and leave without saying goodbye.

The newlyweds do not have a house, and more than a dozen caves are specially set up as "youth dormitories". They only have one bed, and they bring their own bedding. They don't have meals, and they cost 50 cents a day. Every Saturday, the young couple came to stay for one night with their quilts on their backs, and went back to the unit the next day. Living supply system, militarization of organization, and daily ideological struggle, people in Yan'an all have work units, and it doesn't matter if they are at home. Husbands and wives work in their respective agencies and meet once a week, and the same agency also eats according to their own treatment.

Where there are many people, there is also a lot of love. Chen Xuezhao: "Love! Love! 'The front is in full swing, and everything is continuing as usual in the back. People are in love, jealousy, squeeze each other...'" There are many tidbits of marriage and love in Yan'an, free love, organization and distribution, through ups and downs, third parties Step in, fall in love with foreigners, three sisters marry three brothers "Three Liu Marries Three Kings", each has its own drama, and each has its own story. Dr. Wang Kangbo of Yan'an Peace Hospital gave birth to a child with Nursing Zhang. Dr. Wang refused to take responsibility, and Nursing Zhang committed suicide in the hospital. "In Yan'an, things like this are very common." There are also some girls who grew up in a closed environment and rarely have contact with the opposite sex. After arriving, they fell into the arms of the first man who dared to hug her. There have been many love turmoils in Yan'an. Before the rectification, the marriage rate and the divorce rate were quite high. The revolution has not changed the national color of male superiority and female inferiority. Ding Ling: "Most of the divorces are initiated by men. If it is a woman, there must be something more immoral, and the woman should be cursed."

The lack of women's resources will naturally intensify the struggle between men. According to the latest information, Xiao Jun and Ding Ling were in love, and after getting engaged to the young actress Wang Defen (daughter of the county magistrate of Yuzhong), they moved to Yanan. Probably Wang Defen and Xiao San were in love again. At a meeting of the Border Area Cultural Association, a dozen people including Xiao Jun, Xiao San, Ai Siqi, Wu Boxiao attended the meeting. Xiao Jun took a dagger from his boot and stuck it on the table: "Xiao San, I'm going to kill you!" Everyone was scared and looked at each other. The honest man Ai Siqi said slowly, "Xiao Jun, what is your opinion? You can say it, you can't be so savage." Only then did Xiao Jun put away the dagger.

After all, asceticism is the main theme of the red ideology, and "personal issues" are ultimately in conflict with the major goals of the revolution - taking care of the family is difficult to take care of the country, and it is difficult for Gu Qing to take care of the party. Organization comes first, no matter how big a personal problem is. There are also individual counter-examples, which reflect the "freedom" of the revolutionary period. Hu Jiwei broke through the tradition and married his cousin, and gave birth to a daughter out of wedlock.

The Yan'an couple still have one of the most troublesome things - children. Senior cadres have waiters to take them or enter the nursery, while the children of ordinary cadres are difficult to enter the nursery. "When a lesbian is pregnant, a sensible person will have an abortion." Li Rui and Fan Yuanzhen, a young couple, are facing the heavy civil war and busy work on the one hand, and the troubled belly and the crying newborn on the other. How much quarrel, how much hurt. On July 29, 1947, Fan Yuanzhen's family letter: "I can't do anything. I hold him all day long, and my heart is burning. After thinking about it, I just want to strangle him to death. I have brought him to the point where there is no fun."

The CCP has always had a tradition of "throwing children", and babies are sent to fellow villagers with their lives, and the organization arranges them. In July 1939, the Kangda University and the Duke of Shaanxi moved to the front line, and Xu Maoyong and Liu Yunwen accompanied them. They gave birth to a new son and gave them to the residents of Wayaobao. "After liberation, I sent a letter to inquire, and the local government replied that he had died of smallpox." In the spring of 1943, Shi Lan gave birth to a child, and a month later, "the superior informed me that I should give the baby to someone else, and contacted me. , and gave it to a farmer near Wangjiaping", because Shi Lan had "special dislikes" and was subject to review. It is understandable to abandon babies during the war (He Zizhen abandoned her daughter during the Long March, and Zhang Qinqiu abandoned her son during the West Route Army period), but retaining this "revolutionary tradition" during the Yan'an period would have elements of revolutionary culture, reflecting the "revolutionary tradition". The value logic of "revolution is higher than human rights" belongs to a dark cloud over Yan'an.

Mizhi is the richest county in northern Shaanxi. Most of the rich daughters of the county are literate and go to school. "This area has become the focus of the Red Army cadres to choose wives. Within the People's Liberation Army, Mizhi County is called 'Zhangren County'." Entered the city in 1949 Later, many CCP cadres could not resist the temptation of "sugar-coated cannonballs", kicked off their original spouses in the village, and married a rich daughter and a wealthy lady in the city, known as the "marriage revolution". In 1953, the number of divorce cases accepted by the courts alone reached 1.17 million. A witness, Haoran (1932-2008), described in detail the "shotgun-to-gun" during this period:

The evil spirit was stirred up by the peasants who ate public grain and wore cadre uniforms and military uniforms. When they were working on the crops in the village, they were poor and miserable. They were afraid of being a bachelor for the rest of their lives. Later, the Communist Party set off a revolutionary wave in the countryside. They approached the revolution for various motives, and were eventually drawn into the revolutionary ranks. Following the crowd and the gang until the victory period, they even got an official position that they never dreamed of before. Changes in status, broadened horizons, and encounters with young, beautiful and literate women, and the habit of liking the new and disliking the old grows in their heads. Daughter-in-laws who stay in the countryside to farm, take care of children, and provide for the elderly get divorced. Because of their behavior, a fashionable social ethos has formed: all men who work outside the home, if they do not divorce their daughter-in-law in the countryside, will be regarded as backward, conservative, and feudal, and they will be shameless. The comrades could not lift their heads.

Our old county magistrate, nearly fifty years old, is very fashionable. In the work of implementing the new marriage law, he took the lead in the county-level organ, and after divorcing his wife in the countryside who had been through thick and thin with him for decades, he was non-stop with a young female cadre who was several years younger than his son. New couple. This matter was passed on as news in Jixian County, and it was passed on as a "tragic story". With such a leader as an example, the men of the county-level organs, regardless of their age, regardless of their relationship with their former spouses, almost competed to get ahead, chase fashion, and quarreled with their daughter-in-law in the countryside for divorce.

Comrade Peng Hong, secretary of the county party committee, accused me of being "feudal and backward" in thinking, and was reluctant to divorce a peasant's daughter-in-law who had no education and was wearing a small book.

A marriage torn apart by politics

Entering the "hot 1950s", the marriage and love happiness of the Yan'an generation reached the highest peak. However, the marriage and love of the political first also fluctuated with each political movement. The initial happiness was directly proportional to the subsequent pain. Many "Yan'an families" broke down due to politics. The most famous is the divorce between Pu Anxiu and Peng Dehuai. Yan'an female cadre Guo Jiyun was divorced in her later years. Shu Tong and Shi Lan have been married for 40 years, and the relationship between husband and wife has been very tense. Shi Lan: "I often bring the tense atmosphere at work into my family, so there are constant disagreements and quarrels with my husband." Shu Tong complained to his children: "I am tense at work in society, and I am also tense when I return to my family. It's better not to have a family." In 1982, Shu Tong was furious at Shi Lan's revelations about him, and resolutely divorced. Shi Lan repented and criticized the eight characters on the divorce notice - "God guilty, there is nothing to pray".

Li Nanyang commented on his mother: "She has been too unhappy and unhappy in her life." Fan Yuanzhen commented on herself: "I and Li have been married for 20 years, and that is a flawed Communist Party (a true revolutionary who joined the Party) ) and a fake revolution." In 1950, Li Rui retreated to "as long as there is no quarrel, as long as there is sex". Fan Yuanzhen even cursed his mother-in-law: "Death is nothing, it only liberates many people." Chen Yun heard that Li Rui knelt down on his mother: "What does this kind of mother want her to do?" , When I go home at night, a fight from my wife is waiting. Unions for revolution and divorce for party membership were common among the Yan'an generation and encouraged by the first generation of revolutionaries. Not long after Fan Yuanzhen divorced in 1960, he went to see Zhou Enlai and his wife. During dinner, Chen Yi said, "What kind of divorce is the old husband and wife?!" Zhou Enlai said seriously: "Well, this is a big deal!"

In 1994, Nanjing Radio's "Undefended Tonight" column received a long, sobbing letter. A retired female cadre poured out her bitter love history of 44 years:

She was born into a cultural family, and she had a talented and beautiful lover in Girls' Generation -- a student from Tsinghua University in Japan. After participating in the revolution, she confessed to the organization that she had a boyfriend from a bad background. The organization solemnly told her: "The bourgeoisie and the proletariat cannot be reconciled!" She burst into tears and had no choice but to tell her lover the organization's opinion. Soon, a higher-level leader of the cultural and art troupe and a minister served as a matchmaker for her. A cadre of the troupe who participated in the Long March was 14 years older than her and already had a child. She said, "I'm not looking for a partner." The minister said, "No way!" Then he said, "Then I'll be transferred to another job and demobilized." She had to become the third wife of the old Red Army.

This old Red Army peasant was born and just started to learn culture. She only admired the scars on his body and could not bear the irritable character of the "battle hero" - "I shoot you!" Broken leg. She asked for a divorce in the second year, and the head of the organization criticized her: "He has contributed to the revolution, and he should love the heroes of the revolution. Your petty bourgeoisie worldview has not been reformed. Divorce is not allowed! You divorced him, what should he do? Who is with him?"

Depressed for a long time, she suffered from severe neurosis. She filed for divorce multiple times and knelt down to him, and he just didn't agree. In 1960, she gathered the courage to submit a divorce petition to the court. The court forwarded it to the unit, and the leader asked her to talk: "Divorce is not allowed! We must take good care of the old comrade." Have dinner. Every night, after the old man finished watching the "News Network" and the weather forecast, she walked back to her room, and she went to the living room to watch her favorite song and dance drama or TV series. Year after year, a long pantomime.

After the reform and opening up, at the age of 55, she went to judicial organs for the fifth time to file for divorce, but she was still not allowed. The organization said: "Everyone is old, don't be afraid of being laughed at? Let's live with it. It's your task to take care of the old comrades!" She cried to the sky: "Why is this?"

After the long letter was broadcast, it touched countless audiences. At this time, she was still accompanying her 78-year-old dying husband in the hospital, feeding and wiping her body, feces and urine. Before he died, the old man asked over and over again, "After I die, will you still find the old man?" She couldn't bear to hurt the dying person, so she gritted her teeth: "I've been with my granddaughter, you can leave at ease." The old Red Army left with confidence. When she learned of Huang Zongying's twilight love with 80-year-old Feng Yidai, she sighed repeatedly: "I don't have such courage."

Text / Pei Yiran, originally published in "Together in the Same Boat", No. 6, 2012, with the original title " Yan'an Marriage and Love Story" . This article was originally published on Xinhuanet and Global.net, but today I plan to repost it on the official account, but I found that it can no longer be reposted, which is probably damaging the glorious image of "our party". Yan'an not only has "spirit", but also sex and love, of course, freedom or something, that is a luxury.