【推文】James Lindsay - Marxism utilizes a school of thoughts called "dialectical sociology"
這是 James Lindsay 最近寫的推文串
連結
原推文 - x.com/conceptualjame...
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原文及個人翻譯
Marxism utilizes a broad Continental school of thought I'd call "dialectical sociology," if I was giving it a technical name. It might be useful to people's understanding to outline what I mean by this school of thought. It's a central piece of what I've called Social Gnosticism.
馬克思主義利用一種廣泛的歐陸思想流派，我若要給它一個技術性的名字，會稱之為「辯證社會學」（dialectical sociology）。為了幫助人們理解我所指的這種思想流派，我會簡要概述一下它。它是我所稱的社會靈知論（Social Gnosticism）的核心組成部分。
Obviously, there's a lot to unpack on this to make it clear, so an essay or podcast may have to follow (or both). I'm going to start with Rousseau for this description as well. Generally, Continental Enlightenment philosophy (not Scottish!) regards men as imprisoned by society.
The question at the heart of their thought is ultimately, what does it mean to be human? especially given all the apparently artificial aspects of civilization and civilized life. They were therefore, like others, obsessed with understanding the "State of Nature" of man.
顯然，要讓這個概念清晰明瞭，需要深入探討，所以可能需要一篇文章或一個播客（或兩者兼有）。我將從Rousseau開始進行描述。一般來說，歐陸啟蒙哲學（Continental Enlightenment philosophy）（而非蘇格蘭啟蒙（Scottish Enlightenment）！）認為人類被社會所囚禁
他們思想的核心問題是：在所有文明和文明生活看似人工的方面下，人類的本質是什麼？因此，他們像其他人一樣，著迷於理解人類的「自然狀態」（State of Nature）。
Man's "State of Nature" was thought of as what it's really like to be man, absent all the strictures of (increasingly Modern) civilization. They came up with various accounts by studying the "savages" of pre-civilized tribes and rampantly romanticized them.
Civilization, thus other people and institutional and cultural power, came to be viewed as incarcerating, but with certain undeniable benefits. "Savages" we're free but limited. We imprison ourselves and each other sociopolitically was a primary view.
人類的「自然狀態」被認為是在文明（越來越現代）的約束之外，真正的人類本質是什麼。他們通過研究未文明部落的「野蠻人」，提出了各種觀點，並對他們進行了浪漫化描述。
文明、其他人類以及制度和文化權力，被認為是一種囚禁，但同時也帶來了一些不可否認的益處。野蠻人雖然自由，但限制也相對較多。社會政治上的囚禁是主要觀點。
Rousseau articulated this idea famously as "man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains." He sought to remedy that apparent problem of human freedom dialectically, by arranging a social contract that trades freedom for more freedom and makes "savages made to live in cities."
Rousseau wanted to escape the prison of civilized being, in other words, while retaining the benefits of civilization. Obviously, this is impossible because the discipline of civilization is what civilization is. There is no civilization without it at all.
Rousseau以「人生來自由，卻處處受束縛」（man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains.）這句名言闡述了這個理念。他試圖通過社會契約來解決人類自由看似存在問題，這種契約以犧牲一些自由為代價，獲得更多自由，並讓「野蠻人生活在城市中」。
Rousseau希望逃離文明的監獄，同時保留文明的益處。然而，這顯然是不可能的，因為文明的紀律就是文明本身。沒有紀律的文明是不可能存在的。
Dialectical (Hermetic) thinking was forwarded as a way to square this circle. The State of Nature could be recovered "on a higher (sublated) form" by introducing the contradictions and"resolving" them and transforming (alchemy) quantity (enough) into quality (good enough).
This marks the introduction of a new way of thinking about human existence in the world: dialectical sociology. Social phenomena will be understood as a Gnostic circumstance to be transformed Hermetically through dialectical social theories. It couldn't work, but it caught fire.
辯證（荷米斯/Hermetic）思考被提出作為解決這個矛盾的方法。通過引入矛盾並「解決」它們，將數量（足夠）轉化（煉金術）為質素（足夠良好），自然狀態可以「在更高（被昇華）的形式」下恢復。
這標誌著一種對於人類在世界中的存在的新思考方式：辯證社會學（dialectical sociology）。社會現象將被理解為一種需要通過辯證社會理論進行荷米斯轉化（transformed Hermetically）的靈知派情境（Gnostic circumstance）。儘管這種方法無法成功，但它卻引起了廣泛關注。
Skipping Hegel and Kant, who imported and modified this Rouseeauian fever dream and modified it according to German Idealism and Mysticism, Marx was the most consequential inheritor on this new goofball way of thinking about life, man, and society, and he weaponized it.
Ultimately, Marx saw man's State of Nature in his romanticized views about tribal Communism and sought to free man from his "fall" into civilization and individuality while retaining the production and productive benefits of an advanced civilizational mode. That's his Communism.
Marxism must be understood this way: an attempt to reenter Eden on man's own terms in open defiance of God. The method is dialectical sociology applied to economics and social status as its essential materials. Being dialectical, it operates through division and conflict.
跳過黑格爾（Hegel）和康德（Kant），他們引入並根據德國理想主義和神秘主義（Mysticism）修改了Rousseau的熱夢，馬克思是這種新思維方式最重要的人繼承者，他將這種思維武器化。
最終，馬克思在對部落共產主義的浪漫觀念中看到了人類的自然狀態，並試圖解放人類，讓他們擺脫文明和個性的「墮落」，同時保留先進文明模式的生產和生產益處。這就是他的共產主義。
馬克思主義必須以這種方式理解：一種試圖在人類自己的條件下重新進入伊甸園的嘗試，對上帝公然挑戰。這種方法是將辯證社會學應用於經濟學和社會地位的必要材料。由於其辯證性，它通過分裂和衝突運作。
The conflict aspect is therefore also critical to understanding Marxism. It seeks to provoke a transformation of society by putting groups into conflict until all conflicts are ended by playing out through dialectics. This doesn't work, by the way. It kills en masse.
Marx believed the State of Nature of man is socialist. Awakening to this hidden and saving truth is becoming Woke to the reality of man's self-imprisonment so we can overturn the alienating social order and return to Eden (State of Nature) but with all the fruits of civilization.
Marxism cannot be understood properly without recognizing its Sociognostic nature as such and its vision to RETVRN man to a romanticized, idealized State of Nature before civilization but with the fruits of civilization, which is impossible.
Fwiw, Gnosticism asks man to remember who he really is to RETVRN to his true human nature, which is deified. Hermeticism asks the same thing differently and provides a method for attempting it. Absolutely crucial to understand these ideas to know what's going on in the world.
因此，衝突方面對於理解馬克思主義也至關重要。它試圖通過將團體置於衝突之中來引發社會變革，直到所有衝突透過辯證法得以解決。這件事，順便說一句，是行不通的。它會造成大規模的死亡。
馬克思認為人類的自然狀態是社會主義者。覺醒到這個隱藏而救贖的真理，就是成為「覺醒」的狀態，意識到人類自我囚禁的現實，以便我們可以推翻導致異化的社會秩序，並回到具有文明果實的伊甸園（自然狀態）。
如果不承認馬克思主義的社會認知性質，也不理解其將人類回歸（RETVRN）文明之前理想化、浪漫化自然狀態但具有文明果實的願景，則無法正確理解馬克思主義。
順便一提，靈知派（Gnosticism）要求人類記住他們真正的本質，以回歸（RETVRN）他們的神化（deified）人類本性。荷米斯主義（Hermeticism）以不同的方式提出相同的要求，並提供嘗試實現這一點的方法。理解這些想法對於了解世界發生了什麼事至關重要。