【推文】Logan Lancing - Classical Liberal Realism Epistemology vs Critical Constructivist Epistemology

這是 Logan Lancing 最近寫的推文串（不算很長），最後附有已翻譯的比較用表格

連結

• 原推文 - x.com/loganlancing/s...

• Thread Reader App版本（一頁版本） - threadreaderapp.com/...

原文及個人翻譯

Imagine you’re in a room filled with windows, each offering a view of the landscape outside. One person looks through a window and says, "The landscape is exactly what it appears to be—mountains, trees, rivers, just as I see them."

They believe that anyone who looks through the same window will see the same view. With careful observation and clear reasoning, they are confident that they can fully discern and understand the landscape.

想像一下，你在一個充滿窗戶的房間裡，每個窗戶都提供了一扇欣賞室外景色的窗戶。一個人從一個窗戶往外看，說：「風景就是它表面的樣子——山、樹、河，就像我看到的那樣。」

他們相信，任何從同一個窗戶看出去的人都會看到相同的景色。他們相信通過仔細觀察和清晰的推理，他們可以充分辨認和理解景象。

Another person, however, sees things differently. They argue that the window itself is shaping what they see. The glass is tinted, the frame affects the view, and their position in the room changes the perspective.

To them, the landscape might exist, but how they perceive it is influenced by factors they didn’t choose. The window’s design, their angle, and even the social context they bring to the room all shape their version of the view.

然而，另一個人對事情有不同的看法。他們認為窗戶本身影響了他們所看到的景象。玻璃是染色玻璃，窗框影響了視線，他們在房間中的位置改變了視角。

對他們來說，風景可能存在，但他們對它的感知受到他們沒有選擇的因素的影響。窗戶的設計、他們的角度，甚至他們帶入房間的社會背景，都影響了他們對風景的看法。

The first person, convinced the landscape can be known objectively, cleans the window, adjusts their position, and asks others to compare notes. They believe that, through reason and questioning, they can remove distortions and find truth.

第一個相信風景可以客觀地認識的人，打開窗戶，調整他們的姿勢，並請其他人比較筆記。他們相信，通過理性思維和提問，他們可以消除扭曲並找到真理。

The second person won't stop digging - won't stop kicking the ball further. Even if the window is cleaned and people collaborate, they argue, each individual brings their own history, culture, and experiences, which shape how they interpret the view.

They believe that everyone’s perception is filtered not just by the window but by their upbringing, values, and biases—often without realizing it. These filters remain intact, even if the window is cleaned.

For the second person, there is no single objective view that everyone can share. Perception is always influenced by layers of social, cultural, and historical context, making each person's view unique.

第二個人不會停止挖掘——不會停止把球踢得更遠。即使窗戶被打開了，人們也合作了，他們爭論說，每個個人都會帶來自己的歷史、文化和經驗，這些都會影響他們對風景的解釋。

他們相信，每個人的感知都受到窗戶以及他們的養育、價值觀和偏見的篩選——往往沒有意識到這一點。這些篩選器即使在窗戶被打開時也依然存在。

對第二個人來說，沒有人可以共享的單一客觀視角。感知總是受到社會、文化和歷史背景等多層次影響的，使每個人的視角獨特。

The first person responds: "Yes, we all have our own perspectives, but that doesn’t mean we’re stuck with them. By comparing views, questioning assumptions, and using tools like science and reason, we can access a clear picture of reality."

They argue that while culture and history shape our views, we’ve discovered tools that help us go beyond and box out individual biases. Through clarity and precision, we can build a more reliable picture of reality.

"The fact that we see things differently doesn’t mean there’s no reality or that we can’t understand it," they conclude. "It just means we have to work harder, clean our windows, and be honest about the process of finding truth."

第一個人的回應是：「是的，我們都有自己的觀點，但這並不意味著我們被這些觀點束縛。通過比較觀點、質疑假設，並使用科學和理性等工具，我們可以獲得現實的清晰圖景。」

他們爭論說，雖然文化和歷史影響了我們的觀點，但我們發現了幫助我們超越個人偏見的工具。通過清晰和精確，我們可以建立現實的可靠圖景。

「我們不同地看待事物的事實並不意味著沒有現實，也不是說我們不能理解它，」他們得出結論說。「它只是意味著我們必須更努力地工作，打開我們的窗戶，並誠實地尋找真理。」

The Critical Constructivist will always kick the ball further, using sophistry and manipulation to "build" the world they demand. The Common-Sense Realist says "We're just looking out the window, dude. Shut up."

批判性建構主義者總是會把球踢得更遠，使用狡猾和操縱來「建」起他們所要求的世界。常識現實主義者說：「我們只是從窗戶往外看，伙計。閉嘴。」