叶芝 | 航向拜占庭(刘智临译)
航向拜占庭
叶芝
1
那不是老人的国度。青年
在彼此臂弯中,鸟在树上
——那些垂死的世代——在歌唱,
鲑鱼的瀑布,鲭鱼云集的海,
鱼、兽和禽鸟,终夏都在赞扬
任何受孕、出生与死亡。
沉溺于感官的音乐而个个
疏忽了不朽智慧的丰碑。
2
一个老者不过是一件废物,
一件破衣烂衫支在杆上,
除非灵魂拍手歌唱,更大声唱
为了它尘世衣衫的每片破布,
但这没有歌唱学校,有的是
研究它自己壮丽丰碑的地方;
于是我便航过海洋来到
拜占庭这神圣的城邦。
3
哦,立于神之圣火中的智者们
如在一面墙上鎏金的镶嵌画,
从圣火中出来吧,在环流中飞旋
成为我灵魂的众歌唱导师。
毁灭我的心吧;它思欲成病
且被绑在这具将死的动物身上
不认得它自己;再聚敛我
进入永恒之技艺。
4
一旦脱越自然,我将决不择取
任何自然事物做我的身形,
却要的是像希腊金匠打造的
那锻金与釉金的造型
来使昏沉的皇帝保持清醒;
或跳到金枝上歌唱给
拜占庭的贵族与淑女们
关于已逝、正流逝的和将来的事情。
(刘智临 译)
Sailing to Byzantium
W. B. Yeats
I
That is no country for old men. The young
In one another's arms, birds in the trees
--Those dying generations--at their song,
The salmon-falls, the mackerel-crowded seas,
Fish, flesh, or fowl, commend all summer long
Whatever is begotten, born, and dies.
Caught in that sensual music all neglect
Monuments of unageing intellect.
II
An aged man is but a paltry thing,
A tattered coat upon a stick, unless
Soul clap its hands and sing, and louder sing
For every tatter in its mortal dress,
Nor is there singing school but studying
Monuments of its own magnificence;
And therefore I have sailed the seas and come
To the holy city of Byzantium.
III
O sages standing in God's holy fire
As in the gold mosaic of a wall,
Come from the holy fire, perne in a gyre,
And be the singing-masters of my soul.
Consume my heart away; sick with desire
And fastened to a dying animal
It knows not what it is; and gather me
Into the artifice of eternity.
IV
Once out of nature I shall never take
My bodily form from any natural thing,
But such a form as Grecian goldsmiths make
Of hammered gold and gold enamelling
To keep a drowsy Emperor awake;
Or set upon a golden bough to sing
To lords and ladies of Byzantium
Of what is past, or passing, or to come.
[注]:
①:我看到查良铮、傅浩两位前辈译的此诗多有不妥,便参考这两个译本自己重译了一遍。此处不再详述与对照,但可参照叶芝原诗与两种汉译自行比较,我的译本中用词意思与之前汉译明显不同的,基本都是我认为原汉译不妥出;先前汉译中译者按自己的理解,加了好多不必要的赘词,我的译本则尽量按原诗还原。这诗原文并不晦涩,有些词却是先前两个译本都未了解清楚而译得唐突的,譬如"begotten"这词,大概是“受孕”(即“被怀上”)意,往往因上帝让圣母玛利亚受孕事而有宗教意味,而两个汉译,一个忽视了这词,大概觉得它与后面的“出生”意思重复,一个则译作了“萌动”——我觉得按原诗的意思译作“受孕”就很好。还有如"the artifice of eternity", "the gold mosaic"以及后面关于"hammered gold and gold enamelling"的技术辨析,我都思忖一番认真译了,而之前的汉译在这些地方是较模糊的,也许当时条件所限译者手头没资料吧,但用词、语感与节奏也多累赘拖沓,只能是马马虎虎的表现了。叶芝这首诗可堪重要,原诗的语感节奏算是简洁明朗,被译成繁复晦涩是我不忍看的,我也希望世界诗的汉译能多有严谨、准确而简洁的译本出现,如果不见我以为较理想的译本,那我就继续自己去译。
——2022.1.22夜深毕