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《LINGO》(一) - 抄歐洲生字21隻

葉啟俊
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每本看完的書都又老又殘

喜歡語言,也喜歡關於語言的書。這本《LINGO》輕鬆幾頁講一個歐洲語言,蜻蜓點水的點了六十個,很能滿足我,也像去了趟悠閒旅行。講語言當然有詞彙和文法,也有些是歷史,有些是趣聞,有些是政治。除了常聽常見的英法德西葡意俄外,也有從未聽過的Monegasque、Dalmatian和Ladino,也有從未多想的手語。

每個語言都是理解世界的方式,每個語言都有令人讚歎的地方。《LINGO》為每個語言擲下值得英語(和其他語言)效法的一個字,有些很有意思。特意記下一些,以備不時之需:


世界真好

Omenie(羅馬尼亞文)- 真正為「人」應有的品德,包括溫和、得體、恭敬、友善、誠實和有禮。(the virtue of being fully human, that is: gentle, decent, respectful, hospitable, honest, polite.)(咁冇乜人係真正嘅「人」)

Gönnen/Goennen (德文)- 「妒忌」的相反詞:為其他人的好事而高興。(the exact opposite of ‘to envy’: to be gladdened by someone else’s fortune.)(我都想係咁)

Tafalle (菲士蘭語) - 結果比預期中好。(to turn out better than expected.)(菲士蘭人不簡單)

Талака (白羅斯語) - 為社區一齊做的義工;並非共產產物,而是悠久傳統。(voluntary collective work in the interest of the neighbourhood. Not a communist invention, but an old tradition.)(我第一個諗到山竹後將軍澳居民自己砌磚,之後係連儂牆同遊行)


世界真好笑

Ptydepe (捷克語) - 專家唔知噏乜嘅術語。(unintelligible jargon of some professional group.)(腦內立刻諗起好多個人)

белоручка (俄語) - 「白手黨」,唔做污糟工夫嘅人。(literally ‘white-hand person’; somebody who shirks dirty work.)(形象鮮明)

Nazlanmak (土耳奇語) - 裝作勉強,故作冷淡。(to feign reluctance, play hard to get.)(我都成日做)

Vrtíčkar (斯洛維尼亞語) - 嚴格來說是指有一小塊地的園藝愛好者,但意指此人着重和其他Vrtíčkar飲酒多於園藝。(strictly speaking no more than a hobby gardener with an allotment, but the word also suggests that the person is more interested in spending time drinking beer with other vrtíčkar than in growing vegetables and flowers.)(可以移植到文藝範疇)

Pesamenteiro/Pesamenteira (葡語) - 意指「哀悼者」,專門到喪禮吃喝的半送葬者。(literally a ‘condolence-person’, used for a funeral crasher, a quasi-mourner only for the food and drink.)(同上)


禪意陣陣

Verkënnen (盧森堡語) - 慢慢感受年老的身心變化。(to gradually experience the effects of old age in body and mind.)(十分切合時下的潮流)

Merak (塞爾維亞語/克羅地亞語) - 做簡單事情的喜悅,例如見朋友。(pleasure derived from simple activities, such as spending time with friends.)(所有人都該多有的感覺)

Lagom (瑞典語) - 啱啱好,冇太多又冇太少,適度相宜。字面解「依照法例」嘅嘢。(just right, neither too much nor too little, in desirable moderation. Literally, something ‘in accordance with the laws’.)(好嚴緊)


放假好重要

Swjatok (索布語) - 返工過後嘅嘆世界幾粒鐘,「夜晚嘅慶祝」。(the enjoyable hours that follow the end of the working day[…] ’evening of celebration’.)(的確是個「慶祝!」) 

Ponte (意大利語)- 「橋」,亦解要嚟駁埋公眾假期同週末、請咗假嘅禮拜一或五。(literally ‘bridge’, but also a Monday or Friday taken off so as to connect a public holiday to a weekend.)(好有玩遊戲嘅味道)

Madárlátta (匈牙利語) - 帶出去郊遊、但最後帶返屋企嘅食物。(food taken for an outing but brought back home uneaten.)(好應棍,可以引伸埋帶飯嘅飯盒)


感覺就是妙

Karot (阿美尼亞語) - 強烈的掛念。(a strong feeling of missing someone.)(唔!)

Proznovit (斯洛伐克語) - 打電話畀人響一下,並希望對方打返俾你。(to make someone’s phone ring just once in the hope that they will call back.)(猶抱琵琶半遮面)


唔識分類

Ûssel’lie (海峽羣島諾曼語) - 門係咁又開又閂。(the continual opening and closing of doors.)(好多人咁做咩)

Utepils (挪威語)- 一杯在室外喝的拉格啤酒。(a lager drunk in the open air.)(好專門)


香港人有用

Pechalba (馬其頓語) - 在國外工作,又特別指目的是有朝一日回國和家人相聚。(working abroad, particularly with the intention of eventually returning to one’s family back home.)(香港人可能要呢隻字)

Sisu (芬蘭語) - 面對逆境的鎮靜和勇敢堅決。(calm and brave determination in the face of adversity.)(香港個個人都要呢隻字!)


另外,當時人在葡萄牙,好幾個當地人除了愛說昔日葡國風光以及葡國佔有澳門對中國文化有益外,他們最愛推銷的葡語字是「saudade」,一隻解「I miss you」的字,還有首名曲以此命名。因為種種原因,當時一聽到這個字就覺得很切合,也覺得一隻字包三隻字又抵又浪漫

俱往矣。而家最需要嘅係*S*I*S*U*!

(待續)

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