恶之平庸。
依燃你好。先说句题外话:我希望中文学界能开始一股风潮,一股将banality of evil翻译成恶之平庸的风潮。错误的翻译实在是太过misleading.
回归正题:如果想要解决banality of evil带来的困境,我们是否需要给社会带来一些精神上的动力呢?阿伦特讲的Eichmann(那个纳粹份子)是一个平平无奇的人,从她的描述里,我们能看出他也是个随波逐流的人。阿伦特在1971年写到:
"I was struck by the manifest shallowness in the doer [i.e. Eichmann, the tried Nazi] which made it impossible to trace the uncontestable evil of his deeds to any deeper level of roots or motives. The deeds were monstrous, but the doer – at least the very effective one now on trial – was quite ordinary, commonplace, and neither demonic nor monstrous."
阿伦特用manifest shallowness来描述这个随波逐流的“螺丝钉”,让我想起了加缪写的《陌生人》:文中的男主角就随波逐流地让自己卷入了一桩麻烦事,又随随便便杀了个人,可是这个男主角并不是个恶人,反而被咖啡馆老板所喜欢,他只是没有坚定的信仰和目标罢了,连找个女朋友也只是凭缘分处下去。
我用这个analogy的原因是想提出一个问题:现代人作为螺丝钉所展现出的恶之平庸,是否是因为信仰(不单单指宗教,更多是政治观念和对理想生活的追求)的缺失?
期待各位matties的回应!