【Life on the Construction Site】Civil Engineering University Curriculum Connection Construction Work Series-Steel Structure Engineering

70% of the houses in Taiwan are still mainly made of reinforced concrete. It is not easy to encounter steel structures. I only encountered the construction projects of steel structures until recently. What's the difference?

The steel structure engineering I learned in college mainly focuses on the destructive behavior of the components, how to damage the beam, how to damage the column, how much strength of the weld bead, how much strength of the bolt, mainly to teach you how to design, as for on-site construction? It is more inclined to understand the structural drawing, what should be inspected in the factory inspection, and what should be inspected in the construction inspection. Compared with those, it is more important to see the conflict between the structural drawing and the architectural drawing, especially when the architects and technicians draw their own. At times, it will really be one head and two big.

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What is Structural Steel Engineering?

The steel structure design I learned in college, I have never used anything on the site, but if you are working in a structural design firm, it may be used.

The design of steel structural components is mainly based on single-component analysis. For example, the failure mode of a column includes direct crushing and buckling failure (you take a long bamboo and press down, and the bamboo will bend, which is very similar to buckling failure. ) several modes, the steel structure design is to calculate how much force these members can bear.

The beam part also has its destruction mode. I don't remember how it was destroyed. The course will also explain why the H-shaped steel beam is like that, because it saves materials and is the most economical, and iron is very expensive. most.

Then weld beads and bolts, these two are the way to connect the members. Since they are connections, they are easy to be torn at these positions. Therefore, the steel structure design will also teach the calculation method, and the on-site studio will check it is more important. will not be carried out on site.

Basically, this kind of structural design course is divided into two directions. One is to give you known components and known external forces to ask you to calculate whether the components will be damaged. Components can withstand it, but in the real world you won't encounter buildings with only one column or one beam. The simplification is to explain it to us.

So what do you need to know on the spot?

Field application of steel structure

If you want to know what to do at the steel structure site, then you need to bring a tape measure, a vernier caliper, and a structural drawing.

The most basic thing, you need to know how to look at the dimensions on the structural drawing. Taking a H-588*300*12*20, it means that the beam depth is 588mm, the beam width is 300mm, the web thickness is 12mm, and the wing plate thickness is 12mm. 20mm, you can find it on the Internet, but you'd better remember how to express it, so you don't have to think about it for a long time.

As for why you want to make this shape, it will involve the mechanics of materials. The mechanics of the civil engineering department are all hurdles. If you haven't learned it well before, it's really hard for you to understand what you're talking about later. It will be made into an H shape. The main reason is that the upper and lower sides of the beam are the places where the maximum force is applied, and the more it goes to the middle, the less force is applied.

As for what to do with the tape measure and the vernier caliper, the tape measure should be used to measure the width and depth of the beam, and the vernier caliper should be used to measure the thickness, in short, to check.

There is also a very important inspection item for steel structures called weld bead inspection. I have encountered two kinds of inspection methods. One is the inspection method using developer, and the other is ultrasonic inspection. The term is called UT. Both inspection methods are used. There are professional inspectors, not just anyone can do it, but we can do the simplest one.

The weld bead can be visually inspected on the surface. It is very simple to see if there are pores, breakpoints, or inconsistent thickness. In short, the weld bead is not beautiful, so it is easy to identify.

As for hoisting, what I want to say is, pay attention to safety, the pure steel structure frame is often high and empty, you must wear a seat belt when going up, and the work class should never enter the working radius when hoisting the steel beam. , falling or being smashed is no joke.

Epilogue

It is difficult to learn to do civil construction. After many new cases are started, the old directors will also say that this is a project that has never been encountered before. It should be the same for all jobs.

In addition, I was also asked if there are any recommended books to read if I didn’t graduate from the undergraduate department. I listed them below. If you are interested, you can refer to them again:

• Introduction to Graphical RC Construction: Master the basic knowledge, structure, construction method and application of reinforced concrete construction at one time
• Introduction to Graphical RC Building: Master the basic knowledge, design, construction and application of reinforced concrete buildings at one time
• Introduction to Graphical Building Construction: Master the basic knowledge, construction methods and applications of building construction at one time

The engineering-related articles I wrote are all organized in this " Engineering Series Articles ", and will continue to be updated in the future, I hope to be helpful to you.